Method for transmitting and receiving signal in wireless communication system, and apparatus supporting same

ABSTRACT

Various embodiments relate to a next generation wireless communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate or the like than a 4 th  generation (4G) wireless communication system. According to various embodiments, a method for transmitting and receiving a signal in a wireless communication system and an apparatus supporting same may be provided, and various other embodiments may be provided.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Various embodiments are related to a wireless communication system.

BACKGROUND ART

As a number of communication devices have required higher communication capacity, the necessity of the mobile broadband communication much improved than the existing radio access technology (RAT) has increased. In addition, massive machine type communications (MTC) capable of providing various services at anytime and anywhere by connecting a number of devices or things to each other has been considered in the next generation communication system. Moreover, a communication system design capable of supporting services/UEs sensitive to reliability and latency has been discussed.

DISCLOSURE Technical Problem

Various embodiments may provide a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving a signal in a wireless communication system.

Various embodiments may provide a positioning method based on timing measurement and an apparatus supporting the same.

It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the objects that could be achieved with the various embodiments are not limited to what has been particularly described hereinabove and the above and other objects that the various embodiments could achieve will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description.

Technical Solution

Various embodiments may provide a method of transmitting and receiving a signal in a wireless communication system and apparatus for supporting the same.

According to various embodiments, a method performed by a terminal in a wireless communication system may be provided.

According to various embodiments, the method may include receiving a plurality of positioning reference signals (PRS), receiving configuration information related to positioning, obtaining a measurement related to the positioning, and transmitting information related to the measurement.

According to various embodiments, based on the configuration information including information for configuring the measurement based on a plurality of references for the positioning, the measurement may be obtained based on (i) one or more of the plurality of PRSs and (ii) a first plurality of references,

According to various embodiments, the first plurality of references may be related to a plurality of reception antenna elements configured for the terminal.

According to various embodiments, the first plurality of references includes one or more of (i) a plurality of reference transmission and reception points (TRPs) obtained among a plurality of TRPs related to the plurality of PRSs, (ii) a plurality of reference PRS resources obtained among a plurality of PRS resources related to the plurality of PRSs, or (iii) a plurality of reference PRS resource sets obtained among a plurality of PRS resource sets related to the plurality of PRSs.

According to various embodiments, the measurement may include a plurality of measurements corresponding to the plurality of reception antenna elements,

According to various embodiments, the information related to the measurement may include information about an identifier of each of the plurality of reception antenna elements corresponding to the plurality of measurements.

According to various embodiments, the measurement may include one or more of (i) a measurement based on the same one antenna element among the plurality of reception antenna elements, or (ii) a measurement based on two or more different reception antenna elements among the plurality of reception antenna elements.

According to various embodiments, a priority of the measurement based on the same one reception antenna element is higher than a priority of the measurement based on the two or more different reception antenna elements.

According to various embodiments, the method may further include transmitting capability information related to the positioning.

According to various embodiments, the capability information may include information related to the plurality of reception antenna elements,

According to various embodiments, the configuration information may include information related to a second plurality of references based on the information related to the plurality of reception antenna elements.

According to various embodiments, based on at least one portion of the first plurality of references being different from at least one portion of the second plurality of references identified from the configuration information, the information related to the measurement may include information about the at least one portion of the first plurality of references.

According to various embodiments, each of the plurality of references may correspond to each of the plurality of reception antenna elements.

According to various embodiments, a terminal operating in a wireless communication system may be provided.

According to various embodiments, the terminal may include a transceiver, and one or more processors coupled to the transceiver.

According to various embodiments, the one or more processors may be configured to receive a plurality of positioning reference signals (PRS), receive configuration information related to the positioning, obtain a measurement related to the positioning, and transmit information related to the measurement.

According to various embodiments, based on the configuration information including information for configuring the measurement based on a plurality of references for the positioning, the measurement may be obtained based on (i) one or more of the plurality of PRSs and (ii) a first plurality of references.

According to various embodiments, the first plurality of references may be related to a plurality of reception antenna elements configured for the terminal.

According to various embodiments, the first plurality of references may include one or more of (i) a plurality of reference transmission and reception points (TRPs) obtained among a plurality of TRPs related to the plurality of PRSs, (ii) a plurality of reference PRS resources obtained among a plurality of PRS resources related to the plurality of PRSs, or (iii) a plurality of reference PRS resource sets obtained among a plurality of PRS resource sets related to the plurality of PRSs.

According to various embodiments, the measurement may include a plurality of measurements corresponding to the plurality of reception antenna elements.

According to various embodiments, the information related to the measurement may include information about an identifier of each of the plurality of reception antenna elements corresponding to the plurality of measurements.

According to various embodiments, the one or more processors may be configured to communicate with one or more of a mobile terminal, a network, and an autonomous vehicle other than a vehicle containing the terminal.

According to various embodiments, a method carried out by a base station in a wireless communication system may be provided.

According to various embodiments, the base station may include transmitting one or more positioning reference signals (PRS), transmitting configuration information related to positioning, and receiving, from a terminal, information about a measurement related to the positioning.

According to various embodiments, based on the configuration information including information for configuring the measurement based on a plurality of references for the positioning, the measurement may be based on (i) one or more of a plurality of PRSs including the one or more PRSs and (ii) a first plurality of references,

According to various embodiments, the first plurality of references may be related to a plurality of reception antenna elements configured for the terminal.

According to various embodiments, a base station operating in a wireless communication system may be provided.

According to various embodiments, the base station may include a transceiver, and one or more processors coupled to the transceiver.

According to various embodiments, the one or more processors may be configured to transmit one or more positioning reference signals (PRS), transmit configuration information related to positioning, and receive, from a terminal, information about a measurement related to the positioning.

According to various embodiments, based on the configuration information including information for configuring the measurement based on a plurality of references for the positioning, the measurement may be based on (i) one or more of a plurality of PRSs including the one or more PRSs and (ii) a first plurality of references.

According to various embodiments, the first plurality of references may be related to a plurality of reception antenna elements configured for the terminal.

According to various embodiments, a device operating in a wireless communication system may be provided.

According to various embodiments, the device may include one or more processors, and one or more memories operatively coupled to the one or more processors and configured to store one or more instructions which, when executed, cause the one or more processors to perform operations.

According to various embodiments, the operations may include receiving a plurality of positioning reference signals (PRS), receiving configuration information related to positioning, obtaining a measurement related to the positioning, and transmitting information related to the measurement.

According to various embodiments, based on the configuration information including information for configuring the measurement based on a plurality of references for the positioning, the measurement may be obtained based on (i) one or more of the plurality of PRSs and (ii) a first plurality of references.

According to various embodiments, the first plurality of references may be related to a plurality of reception antenna elements configured for the device.

According to various embodiments, a non-volatile processor-readable medium storing one or more instructions that cause one or more processors included in a device to perform operations.

According to various embodiments, the operations may include receiving a plurality of positioning reference signals (PRS), receiving configuration information related to positioning, obtaining a measurement related to the positioning, and transmitting information related to the measurement.

According to various embodiments, based on the configuration information including information for configuring the measurement based on a plurality of references for the positioning, the measurement may be obtained based on (i) one or more of the plurality of PRSs and (ii) a first plurality of references.

According to various embodiments, the first plurality of references may be related to a plurality of reception antenna elements configured for the device.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the above-described embodiments are merely part of various embodiments of the present disclosure, and various modifications and alternatives could be developed from the following technical features of the present disclosure.

Advantageous Effects

According to various embodiments, a signal may be effectively transmitted and received in a wireless communication system.

According to various embodiments, positioning may be effectively performed in a wireless communication system.

According to various embodiments, UE positioning accuracy may be improved.

It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the effects that can be achieved with the various embodiments are not limited to what has been particularly described hereinabove and other advantages of the various embodiments will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings are provided to help understanding of various embodiments, along with a detailed description. However, the technical features of various embodiments are not limited to a specific drawing, and features disclosed in each drawing may be combined with each other to constitute a new embodiment. Reference numerals in each drawing denote structural elements.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating physical channels and a signal transmission method using the physical channels, which may be used in various embodiments.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a radio frame structure in a new radio access technology (NR) system to which various embodiments are applicable.

FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary resource grid to which various embodiments are applicable.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating mapping of physical channels in a slot, to which various embodiments are applicable.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a positioning protocol configuration for positioning a user equipment (UE), to which various embodiments are applicable.

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary system architecture for measuring positioning of a UE to which various embodiments are applicable.

FIG. 7 illustrates an implementation example of a network for UE positioning.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating protocol layers for supporting LTE positioning protocol (LPP) message transmission, to which various embodiments are applicable.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating protocol layers for supporting NR positioning protocol a (NRPPa) protocol data unit (PDU) transmission, to which various embodiments are applicable.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) positioning method, to which various embodiments are applicable.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a multi-round trip time (multi-RTT) positioning method to which various embodiments are applicable.

FIG. 12 is a simplified diagram illustrating a method of operating a UE, a transmission and reception point (TRP), a location server, and/or a location management function (LMF) according to various embodiments.

FIG. 13 is a simplified diagram illustrating a method of operating a UE, a TRP, a location server, and/or an LMF according to various embodiments.

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of multiple references for a timing measurement according to various embodiments.

FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of reporting information on a panel according to various embodiments.

FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary multi-panel structure according to various embodiments.

FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of differential RTT according to various embodiments.

FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of differential RTT according to various embodiments.

FIG. 19 is a diagram schematically illustrating a method of operating a UE and a network node according to various embodiments.

FIG. 20 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating the UE according to various embodiments.

FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating the network node according to various embodiments.

FIG. 22 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus for implementing various embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 23 illustrates an exemplary communication system to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied.

FIG. 24 illustrates exemplary wireless devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable.

FIG. 25 illustrates other exemplary wireless devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied.

FIG. 26 illustrates an exemplary portable device to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied.

FIG. 27 illustrates an exemplary vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various embodiments are applicable to a variety of wireless access technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), and single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA). CDMA can be implemented as a radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented as a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile communications (GSM)/General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)/Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented as a radio technology such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)), IEEE 802.16 (Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), IEEE 802.20, and Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). UTRA is a part of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is part of Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA, and LTE-Advanced (A) is an evolved version of 3GPP LTE. 3GPP NR (New Radio or New Radio Access Technology) is an evolved version of 3GPP LTE/LTE-A.

Various embodiments are described in the context of a 3GPP communication system (e.g., including LTE, NR, 6G, and next-generation wireless communication systems) for clarity of description, to which the technical spirit of the various embodiments is not limited. For the background art, terms, and abbreviations used in the description of the various embodiments, refer to the technical specifications published before the present disclosure. For example, the documents of 3GPP TS 36.211, 3GPP TS 36.212, 3GPP TS 36.213, 3GPP TS 36.300, 3GPP TS 36.321, 3GPP TS 36.331, 3GPP TS 36.355, 3GPP TS 36.455, 3GPP TS 37.355, 3GPP TS 37.455, 3GPP TS 38.211, 3GPP TS 38.212, 3GPP TS 38.213, 3GPP TS 38.214, 3GPP TS 38.215, 3GPP TS 38.300, 3GPP TS 38.321, 3GPP TS 38.331, 3GPP TS 38.355, 3GPP TS 38.455, and so on may be referred to.

1. 3GPP System

1.1. Physical Channels and Signal Transmission and Reception

In a wireless access system, a UE receives information from a base station on a downlink (DL) and transmits information to the base station on an uplink (UL). The information transmitted and received between the UE and the base station includes general data information and various types of control information. There are many physical channels according to the types/usages of information transmitted and received between the base station and the UE.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating physical channels and a signal transmission method using the physical channels, which may be used in various embodiments.

When powered on or when a UE initially enters a cell, the UE performs initial cell search involving synchronization with a BS in step S11. For initial cell search, the UE receives a synchronization signal block (SSB). The SSB includes a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH). The UE synchronizes with the BS and acquires information such as a cell Identifier (ID) based on the PSS/SSS. Then the UE may receive broadcast information from the cell on the PBCH. In the meantime, the UE may check a downlink channel status by receiving a downlink reference signal (DL RS) during initial cell search.

After initial cell search, the UE may acquire more specific system information by receiving a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and receiving a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) based on information of the PDCCH in step S12.

Subsequently, to complete connection to the eNB, the UE may perform a random access procedure with the eNB (S13 to S16). In the random access procedure, the UE may transmit a preamble on a physical random access channel (PRACH) (S13) and may receive a PDCCH and a random access response (RAR) for the preamble on a PDSCH associated with the PDCCH (S14). The UE may transmit a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) by using scheduling information in the RAR (S15), and perform a contention resolution procedure including reception of a PDCCH signal and a PDSCH signal corresponding to the PDCCH signal (S16).

Aside from the above 4-step random access procedure (4-step RACH procedure or type-1 random access procedure), when the random access procedure is performed in two steps (2-step RACH procedure or type-2 random access procedure), steps S13 and S15 may be performed as one UE transmission operation (e.g., an operation of transmitting message A (MsgA) including a PRACH preamble and/or a PUSCH), and steps S14 and S16 may be performed as one BS transmission operation (e.g., an operation of transmitting message B (MsgB) including an RAR and/or contention resolution information).

After the above procedure, the UE may receive a PDCCH and/or a PDSCH from the BS (S17) and transmit a PUSCH and/or a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) to the BS (S18), in a general UL/DL signal transmission procedure.

Control information that the UE transmits to the BS is generically called uplink control information (UCI). The UCI includes a hybrid automatic repeat and request acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement (HARQ-ACK/NACK), a scheduling request (SR), a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix index (PMI), a rank indicator (RI), etc.

In general, UCI is transmitted periodically on a PUCCH. However, if control information and traffic data should be transmitted simultaneously, the control information and traffic data may be transmitted on a PUSCH. In addition, the UCI may be transmitted aperiodically on the PUSCH, upon receipt of a request/command from a network.

1.2. Physical Resources

FIG. 2 illustrates an NR system based radio frame structure which can be used for various embodiments.

The NR system may support multiple numerologies. A numerology may be defined by a subcarrier spacing (SCS) and a cyclic prefix (CP) overhead. Multiple SCSs may be derived by scaling a default SCS by an integer N (or μ). Further, even though it is assumed that a very small SCS is not used in a very high carrier frequency, a numerology to be used may be selected independently of the frequency band of a cell. Further, the NR system may support various frame structures according to multiple numerologies.

Now, a description will be given of OFDM numerologies and frame structures which may be considered for the NR system. Multiple OFDM numerologies supported by the NR system may be defined as listed in Table 1. For a bandwidth part, μ and a CP are obtained from RRC parameters provided by the BS.

TABLE 1 μ Δf = 2μ · 15 [kHz] Cyclic prefix 0 15 Normal 1 30 Normal 2 60 Normal, Extended 3 120 Normal 4 240 Normal

In NR, multiple numerologies (e.g., SCSs) are supported to support a variety of 5G services. For example, a wide area in cellular bands is supported for an SCS of 15 kHz, a dense-urban area, a lower latency, and a wider carrier bandwidth are supported for an SCS of 30 kHz/60 kHz, and a larger bandwidth than 24.25 GHz is supported for an SCS of 60 kHz or more, to overcome phase noise.

An NR frequency band is defined by two types of frequency ranges, FR1 and FR2. FR1 may be a sub-6 GHz range, and FR2 may be an above-6 GHz range, that is, a millimeter wave (mmWave) band.

Table 2 below defines the NR frequency band, by way of example.

TABLE 2 Frequency range Corresponding Subcarrier designation frequency range Spacing FR1  410 MHz-7125 MHz  15, 30, 60 kHz FR2 24250 MHz-52600 MHz 60, 120, 240 kHz

Regarding a frame structure in the NR system, the time-domain sizes of various fields are represented as multiples of a basic time unit for NR, T_(c)=1/(Δf_(max)*N_(f)) where Δf_(max)=480*103 Hz and N_(f) related to a fast Fourier transform (FFT) size or an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) size is given as N_(f)=4096. T_(c) and T_(s) which is an LTE-based time unit and sampling time, given as T_(s)=1/((15 kHz)*2048) are placed in the following relationship: T_(s)/T_(c)=64. DL and UL transmissions are organized into (radio) frames each having a duration of T_(f)=(Δf_(max)*N_(f)/100)*T_(c)=10 ms. Each radio frame includes 10 subframes each having a duration of T_(sf)=(Δf_(max)*N_(f)/1000)*T_(c)=1 ms. There may exist one set of frames for UL and one set of frames for DL. For a numerology μ, slots are numbered with n^(μ)s, ∈{0, . . . , N^(slot,μ) _(subframe)−1} in an increasing order in a subframe, and with nμ_(s,f)∈{0, . . . , N^(slot,μ) _(frame)−1} in an increasing order in a radio frame. One slot includes Nμsymb consecutive OFDM symbols, and Nμsymb depends on a CP. The start of a slot nμs in a subframe is aligned in time with the start of an OFDM symbol nμs*Nμsymb in the same subframe.

Table 3 lists the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe, for each SCS in a normal CP case, and Table 4 lists the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe, for each SCS in an extended CP case.

TABLE 3 μ N_(symb) ^(slot) N_(slot) ^(frame, μ) N_(slot) ^(subframe, μ) 0 14 10 1 1 14 20 2 2 14 40 4 3 14 80 8 4 14 160 16

TABLE 4 μ N_(symb) ^(slot) N_(slot) ^(frame, μ) N_(slot) ^(subframe, μ) 2 12 40 4

In the above tables, Nslotsymb represents the number of symbols in a slot, N^(frame,μ) _(slot) represents the number of slots in a frame, and N^(subframe,μ) _(slot) represents the number of slots in a subframe.

In the NR system to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable, different OFDM(A) numerologies (e.g., SCSs, CP lengths, and so on) may be configured for a plurality of cells which are aggregated for one UE. Accordingly, the (absolute time) period of a time resource including the same number of symbols (e.g., a subframe (SF), a slot, or a TTI) (generically referred to as a time unit (TU), for convenience) may be configured differently for the aggregated cells.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example with μ=2 (i.e., an SCS of 60 kHz), in which referring to Table 6, one subframe may include four slots. One subframe={1, 2, 4} slots in FIG. 2 , which is exemplary, and the number of slot(s) which may be included in one subframe is defined as listed in Table 6 or Table 7.

Further, a mini-slot may include 2, 4 or 7 symbols, fewer symbols than 2, or more symbols than 7.

Regarding physical resources in the NR system, antenna ports, a resource grid, resource elements (REs), resource blocks (RBs), carrier parts, and so one may be considered. The physical resources in the NR system will be described below in detail.

An antenna port is defined such that a channel conveying a symbol on an antenna port may be inferred from a channel conveying another symbol on the same antenna port. When the large-scale properties of a channel carrying a symbol on one antenna port may be inferred from a channel carrying a symbol on another antenna port, the two antenna ports may be said to be in a quasi co-located or quasi co-location (QCL) relationship. The large-scale properties include one or more of delay spread, Doppler spread, frequency shift, average received power, received timing, average delay, and a spatial reception (Rx) parameter. The spatial Rx parameter refers to a spatial (Rx) channel property parameter such as an angle of arrival.

FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary resource grid to which various embodiments are applicable.

Referring to FIG. 3 , for each subcarrier spacing (SCS) and carrier, a resource grid is defined as 14×2^(μ) OFDM symbols by N_(grid) ^(size,μ)×N_(SC) ^(RB) subcarriers, where N_(grid) ^(size,μ) is indicated by RRC signaling from the BS. N_(grid) ^(size,μ) may vary according to an SCS configuration μ and a transmission direction, UL or DL. There is one resource grid for an SCS configuration μ, an antenna port p, and a transmission direction (UL or DL). Each element of the resource grid for the SCS configuration μ and the antenna port p is referred to as an RE and uniquely identified by an index pair (k, l) where k represents an index in the frequency domain, and l represents a symbol position in the frequency domain relative to a reference point. The RE (k, l) for the SCS configuration μ and the antenna port p corresponds to a physical resource and a complex value α_(k,l) ^((p,μ)). An RB is defined as N_(SC) ^(RB)=12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain.

Considering that the UE may not be capable of supporting a wide bandwidth supported in the NR system, the UE may be configured to operate in a part (bandwidth part (BWP)) of the frequency bandwidth of a cell.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating exemplary mapping of physical channels in a slot, to which various embodiments are applicable.

One slot may include all of a DL control channel, DL or UL data, and a UL control channel. For example, the first N symbols of a slot may be used to transmit a DL control channel (hereinafter, referred to as a DL control region), and the last M symbols of the slot may be used to transmit a UL control channel (hereinafter, referred to as a UL control region). Each of N and M is an integer equal to or larger than 0. A resource area (hereinafter, referred to as a data region) between the DL control region and the UL control region may be used to transmit DL data or UL data. There may be a time gap for DL-to-UL or UL-to-DL switching between a control region and a data region. A PDCCH may be transmitted in the DL control region, and a PDSCH may be transmitted in the DL data region. Some symbols at a DL-to-UL switching time in the slot may be used as the time gap.

The BS transmits related signals to the UE on DL channels as described below, and the UE receives the related signals from the BS on the DL channels.

The PDSCH conveys DL data (e.g., DL-shared channel transport block (DL-SCH TB)) and uses a modulation scheme such as quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM), 64QAM, or 256QAM. A TB is encoded into a codeword. The PDSCH may deliver up to two codewords. Scrambling and modulation mapping are performed on a codeword basis, and modulation symbols generated from each codeword are mapped to one or more layers (layer mapping). Each layer together with a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) is mapped to resources, generated as an OFDM symbol signal, and transmitted through a corresponding antenna port.

The PDCCH may deliver downlink control information (DCI), for example, DL data scheduling information, UL data scheduling information, and so on. The PUCCH may deliver uplink control information (UCI), for example, an acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) information for DL data, channel state information (CSI), a scheduling request (SR), and so on.

The PDCCH carries downlink control information (DCI) and is modulated in quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK). One PDCCH includes 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 control channel elements (CCEs) according to an aggregation level (AL). One CCE includes 6 resource element groups (REGs). One REG is defined by one OFDM symbol by one (P)RB.

The PDCCH is transmitted in a control resource set (CORESET). A CORESET is defined as a set of REGs having a given numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, and so on). A plurality of CORESETs for one UE may overlap with each other in the time/frequency domain. A CORESET may be configured by system information (e.g., a master information block (MIB)) or by UE-specific higher layer (RRC) signaling. Specifically, the number of RBs and the number of symbols (up to 3 symbols) included in a CORESET may be configured by higher-layer signaling.

The UE acquires DCI delivered on a PDCCH by decoding (so-called blind decoding) a set of PDCCH candidates. A set of PDCCH candidates decoded by a UE are defined as a PDCCH search space set. A search space set may be a common search space (CSS) or a UE-specific search space (USS). The UE may acquire DCI by monitoring PDCCH candidates in one or more search space sets configured by an MIB or higher-layer signaling.

The UE transmits related signals on later-described UL channels to the BS, and the BS receives the related signals on the UL channels from the UE.

The PUSCH delivers UL data (e.g., a UL-shared channel transport block (UL-SCH TB)) and/or UCI, in cyclic prefix-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) waveforms or discrete Fourier transform-spread-orthogonal division multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) waveforms. If the PUSCH is transmitted in DFT-s-OFDM waveforms, the UE transmits the PUSCH by applying transform precoding. For example, if transform precoding is impossible (e.g., transform precoding is disabled), the UE may transmit the PUSCH in CP-OFDM waveforms, and if transform precoding is possible (e.g., transform precoding is enabled), the UE may transmit the PUSCH in CP-OFDM waveforms or DFT-s-OFDM waveforms. The PUSCH transmission may be scheduled dynamically by a UL grant in DCI or semi-statically by higher-layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling) (and/or layer 1 (L1) signaling (e.g., a PDCCH)) (a configured grant). The PUSCH transmission may be performed in a codebook-based or non-codebook-based manner.

The PUCCH delivers UCI, an HARQ-ACK, and/or an SR and is classified as a short PUCCH or a long PUCCH according to the transmission duration of the PUCCH.

2. Positioning

Positioning may refer to determining the geographical position and/or velocity of the UE based on measurement of radio signals. Location information may be requested by and reported to a client (e.g., an application) associated with to the UE. The location information may also be requested by a client within or connected to a core network. The location information may be reported in standard formats such as formats for cell-based or geographical coordinates, together with estimated errors of the position and velocity of the UE and/or a positioning method used for positioning.

2.1. Positioning Protocol Configuration

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary positioning protocol configuration for positioning a UE, to which various embodiments are applicable.

Referring to FIG. 5 , an LTE positioning protocol (LPP) may be used as a point-to-point protocol between a location server (E-SMLC and/or SLP and/or LMF) and a target device (UE and/or SET), for positioning the target device using position-related measurements obtained from one or more reference resources. The target device and the location server may exchange measurements and/or location information based on signal A and/or signal B over the LPP.

NRPPa may be used for information exchange between a reference source (access node and/or BS and/or TP and/or NG-RAN node) and the location server.

The NRPPa protocol may provide the following functions.

-   -   E-CID Location Information Transfer. This function allows the         reference source to exchange location information with the LMF         for the purpose of E-CID positioning.     -   OTDOA Information Transfer. This function allows the reference         source to exchange information with the LMF for the purpose of         OTDOA positioning.     -   Reporting of General Error Situations. This function allows         reporting of general error situations, for which         function-specific error messages have not been defined.

2.2. PRS (Positioning Reference Signal)

For such positioning, a positioning reference signal (PRS) may be used. The PRS is a reference signal used to estimate the position of the UE.

A positioning frequency layer may include one or more PRS resource sets, each including one or more PRS resources.

Sequence Generation

A PRS sequence r(m) (m=0, 1, . . . ) may be defined by Equation 1.

$\begin{matrix} {{r(m)} = {{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left( {1 - {2{c(m)}}} \right)} + {j\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left( {1 - {2{c\left( {m + 1} \right)}}} \right)}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}1} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

c(i) may be a pseudo-random sequence. A pseudo-random sequence generator may be initialized by Equation 2.

$\begin{matrix} {c_{init} = {\left( {{2^{22}\left\lfloor \frac{n_{{1D},{seq}}^{PRS}}{1024} \right\rfloor} + {2^{10}\left( {{N_{symb}^{slot}n_{s,f}^{\mu}} + l + 1} \right)\left( {{2\left( {n_{{1D},{seq}}^{PRS}{mod}\ 1024} \right)} + 1} \right)} + \ \left( {n_{{ID},{seq}}^{PRS}{mod}\ 1024} \right)} \right)\ {mod}\ 2^{31}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}2} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

n_(s,f) ^(μ) may be a slot number in a frame in an SCS configuration μ. A DL PRS sequence ID n_(ID,seq) ^(PRS)∈{0, 1, . . . , 4095} may be given by a higher-layer parameter (e.g., DL-PRS-SequenceId). l may be an OFDM symbol in a slot to which the sequence is mapped.

Mapping to Physical Resources in a DL PRS Resource

A PRS sequence r(m) may be scaled by β_(PRS) and mapped to REs (k,l)_(p,μ), specifically by Equation 3. (k,l)_(p,μ) may represent an RE (k, l) for an antenna port p and the SCS configuration μ.

a _(k,l) ^((p,μ))=β_(PRS) r(m)

m=0,1, . . .

k=mK _(comb) ^(PRS)+((k _(offset) ^(PRS) +k′)mod K _(comb) ^(PRS)

l=l _(start) ^(PRS) ,l _(start) ^(PRS)+1, . . . ,l _(start) ^(PRS) +l _(PRS)−1  [Equation 3]

Herein, the following conditions may have to be satisfied:

-   -   The REs (k,l)_(p,μ) are included in an RB occupied by a DL PRS         resource configured for the UE;     -   The symbol l not used by any SS/PBCH block used by a serving         cell for a DL PRS transmitted from the serving cell or indicated         by a higher-layer parameter SSB-positionInBurst for a DL PRS         transmitted from a non-serving cell;     -   A slot number satisfies the following PRS resource set-related         condition;

l_(start) ^(PRS) is the first symbol of the DL PRS in the slot, which may be given by a higher-layer parameter DL-PRS-ResourceSymbolOffset. The time-domain size of the DL PRS resource, L_(PRS)∈{2,4,6,12} may be given by a higher-layer parameter DL-PRS-NumSymbols. A comb size K_(comb) ^(PRS)∈{2,4,6,12} may be given by a higher-layer parameter transmissionComb. A combination {L_(PRS),K_(comb) ^(PRS)} of L_(PRS) and K_(comb) ^(PRS) may be one of {2, 2}, {4, 2}, {6, 2}, {12, 2}, {4, 4}, {12, 4}, {6, 6}, {12, 6} and/or {12, 12}. An RE offset k_(offset) ^(PRS)∈{0,1, . . . ,K_(comb) ^(PRS)−1} may be given by combOffset. A frequency offset k′ may be a function of l−l_(start) ^(PRS) as shown in Table 5.

TABLE 5 Symbol number within the downlink PRS resource l − l_(start) ^(PRS) K_(comb) ^(PRS) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 4 0 2 1 3 0 2 1 3 0 2 1 3 6 0 3 1 4 2 5 0 3 1 4 2 5 12 0 6 3 9 1 7 4 10 2 8 5 11

A reference point for k=0 may be the position of point A in a positioning frequency layer in which the DL PRS resource is configured. Point A may be given by a higher-layer parameter dl-PRS-PointA-r16.

Mapping to Slots in a DL PRS Resource Set

A DL PRS resource included in a DL PRS resource set may be transmitted in a slot and a frame which satisfy the following Equation 4.

$\begin{matrix} {{\left. {{N_{slot}^{{frame},\mu}n_{f}} + n_{s,f}^{\mu} - T_{offset}^{PRS} - T_{{offset},{res}}^{PRS}} \right){mod}2^{\mu}T_{per}^{PRS}} \in \left\{ {iT}_{gap}^{PRS} \right\}_{i = 0}^{T_{rep}^{PRS} - 1}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}4} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

N_(slot) ^(frame,μ) may be the number of slots per frame in the SCS configuration μ. n_(f) may be a system frame number (SFN). n_(s,f) ^(μ) may be a slot number in a frame in the SCS configuration μ. A slot offset T_(offset) ^(PRS)∈{0,1, . . . T_(per) ^(PRS)−1} may be given by a higher-layer parameter DL-PRS-ResourceSetSlotOffset. A DL PRS resource slot offset T_(offset,res) ^(PRS) may be given by a higher layer parameter DL-PRS-ResourceSlotOffset. A periodicity T_(per) ^(PRS)∈{4, 5, 8, 10, 16,20, 32, 40, 64, 80, 160, 320, 640, 1280, 2560, 5120, 10240} may be given by a higher-layer parameter DL-PRS-Periodicity. A repetition factor T_(rep) ^(PRS)∈{1,2,4,6,8,16,32} may be given by a higher-layer parameter DL-PRS-ResourceRepetitionFactor. A muting repetition factor T_(muting) ^(PRS) may be given by a higher-layer parameter DL-PRS-MutingBitRepetitionFactor. A time gap T_(gap) ^(PRS)∈{1,2,4,8,16,32} may be given by a higher-layer parameter DL-PRS-ResourceTimeGap.

2.3. UE Positioning Architecture

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary system architecture for measuring positioning of a UE to which various embodiments are applicable.

Referring to FIG. 6 , an AMF may receive a request for a location service associated with a particular target UE from another entity such as a gateway mobile location center (GMLC) or the AMF itself decides to initiate the location service on behalf of the particular target UE. Then, the AMF transmits a request for a location service to a location management function (LMF). Upon receiving the request for the location service, the LMF may process the request for the location service and then returns the processing result including the estimated position of the UE to the AMF. In the case of a location service requested by an entity such as the GMLC other than the AMF, the AMF may transmit the processing result received from the LMF to this entity.

A new generation evolved-NB (ng-eNB) and a gNB are network elements of the NG-RAN capable of providing a measurement result for positioning. The ng-eNB and the gNB may measure radio signals for a target UE and transmits a measurement result value to the LMF. The ng-eNB may control several TPs, such as remote radio heads, or PRS-only TPs for support of a PRS-based beacon system for E-UTRA.

The LMF is connected to an enhanced serving mobile location center (E-SMLC) which may enable the LMF to access the E-UTRAN. For example, the E-SMLC may enable the LMF to support OTDOA, which is one of positioning methods of the E-UTRAN, using DL measurement obtained by a target UE through signals transmitted by eNBs and/or PRS-only TPs in the E-UTRAN.

The LMF may be connected to an SUPL location platform (SLP). The LMF may support and manage different location services for target UEs. The LMF may interact with a serving ng-eNB or a serving gNB for a target UE in order to obtain position measurement for the UE. For positioning of the target UE, the LMF may determine positioning methods, based on a location service (LCS) client type, required quality of service (QoS), UE positioning capabilities, gNB positioning capabilities, and ng-eNB positioning capabilities, and then apply these positioning methods to the serving gNB and/or serving ng-eNB. The LMF may determine additional information such as accuracy of the location estimate and velocity of the target UE. The SLP is a secure user plane location (SUPL) entity responsible for positioning over a user plane.

The UE may measure the position thereof using DL RSs transmitted by the NG-RAN and the E-UTRAN. The DL RSs transmitted by the NG-RAN and the E-UTRAN to the UE may include a SS/PBCH block, a CSI-RS, and/or a PRS. Which DL RS is used to measure the position of the UE may conform to configuration of LMF/E-SMLC/ng-eNB/E-UTRAN etc. The position of the UE may be measured by an RAT-independent scheme using different global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs), terrestrial beacon systems (TBSs), WLAN access points, Bluetooth beacons, and sensors (e.g., barometric sensors) installed in the UE. The UE may also contain LCS applications or access an LCS application through communication with a network accessed thereby or through another application contained therein. The LCS application may include measurement and calculation functions needed to determine the position of the UE. For example, the UE may contain an independent positioning function such as a global positioning system (GPS) and report the position thereof, independent of NG-RAN transmission. Such independently obtained positioning information may be used as assistance information of positioning information obtained from the network.

2.4. Operation for UE Positioning

FIG. 7 illustrates an implementation example of a network for UE positioning.

When an AMF receives a request for a location service in the case in which the UE is in connection management (CM)-IDLE state, the AMF may make a request for a network triggered service in order to establish a signaling connection with the UE and to assign a specific serving gNB or ng-eNB. This operation procedure is omitted in FIG. 7 . In other words, in FIG. 7 , it may be assumed that the UE is in a connected mode. However, the signaling connection may be released by an NG-RAN as a result of signaling and data inactivity while a positioning procedure is still ongoing.

An operation procedure of the network for UE positioning will now be described in detail with reference to FIG. 7 . In step 1 a, a 5GC entity such as GMLC may transmit a request for a location service for measuring the position of a target UE to a serving AMF. Here, even when the GMLC does not make the request for the location service, the serving AMF may determine the need for the location service for measuring the position of the target UE according to step 1 b. For example, the serving AMF may determine that itself will perform the location service in order to measure the position of the UE for an emergency call.

In step 2, the AMF transfers the request for the location service to an LMF. In step 3 a, the LMF may initiate location procedures with a serving ng-eNB or a serving gNB to obtain location measurement data or location measurement assistance data. For example, the LMF may transmit a request for location related information associated with one or more UEs to the NG-RAN and indicate the type of necessary location information and associated QoS. Then, the NG-RAN may transfer the location related information to the LMF in response to the request. In this case, when a location determination method according to the request is an enhanced cell ID (E-CID) scheme, the NG-RAN may transfer additional location related information to the LMF in one or more NR positioning protocol A (NRPPa) messages. Here, the “location related information” may mean all values used for location calculation such as actual location estimate information and radio measurement or location measurement. Protocol used in step 3 a may be an NRPPa protocol which will be described later.

Additionally, in step 3 b, the LMF may initiate a location procedure for DL positioning together with the UE. For example, the LMF may transmit the location assistance data to the UE or obtain a location estimate or location measurement value. For example, in step 3 b, a capability information transfer procedure may be performed. Specifically, the LMF may transmit a request for capability information to the UE and the UE may transmit the capability information to the LMF. Here, the capability information may include information about a positioning method supportable by the LFM or the UE, information about various aspects of a particular positioning method, such as various types of assistance data for an A-GNSS, and information about common features not specific to any one positioning method, such as ability to handle multiple LPP transactions. In some cases, the UE may provide the capability information to the LMF although the LMF does not transmit a request for the capability information.

As another example, in step 3 b, a location assistance data transfer procedure may be performed. Specifically, the UE may transmit a request for the location assistance data to the LMF and indicate particular location assistance data needed to the LMF. Then, the LMF may transfer corresponding location assistance data to the UE and transfer additional assistance data to the UE in one or more additional LTE positioning protocol (LPP) messages. The location assistance data delivered from the LMF to the UE may be transmitted in a unicast manner In some cases, the LMF may transfer the location assistance data and/or the additional assistance data to the UE without receiving a request for the assistance data from the UE.

As another example, in step 3 b, a location information transfer procedure may be performed. Specifically, the LMF may send a request for the location (related) information associated with the UE to the UE and indicate the type of necessary location information and associated QoS. In response to the request, the UE may transfer the location related information to the LMF. Additionally, the UE may transfer additional location related information to the LMF in one or more LPP messages. Here, the “location related information” may mean all values used for location calculation such as actual location estimate information and radio measurement or location measurement. Typically, the location related information may be a reference signal time difference (RSTD) value measured by the UE based on DL RSs transmitted to the UE by a plurality of NG-RANs and/or E-UTRANs. Similarly to the above description, the UE may transfer the location related information to the LMF without receiving a request from the LMF.

The procedures implemented in step 3 b may be performed independently but may be performed consecutively. Generally, although step 3 b is performed in order of the capability information transfer procedure, the location assistance data transfer procedure, and the location information transfer procedure, step 3 b is not limited to such order. In other words, step 3 b is not required to occur in specific order in order to improve flexibility in positioning. For example, the UE may request the location assistance data at any time in order to perform a previous request for location measurement made by the LMF. The LMF may also request location information, such as a location measurement value or a location estimate value, at any time, in the case in which location information transmitted by the UE does not satisfy required QoS. Similarly, when the UE does not perform measurement for location estimation, the UE may transmit the capability information to the LMF at any time.

In step 3 b, when information or requests exchanged between the LMF and the UE are erroneous, an error message may be transmitted and received and an abort message for aborting positioning may be transmitted and received.

Protocol used in step 3 b may be an LPP protocol which will be described later.

Step 3 b may be performed additionally after step 3 a but may be performed instead of step 3 a.

In step 4, the LMF may provide a location service response to the AMF. The location service response may include information as to whether UE positioning is successful and include a location estimate value of the UE. If the procedure of FIG. 7 has been initiated by step 1 a, the AMF may transfer the location service response to a 5GC entity such as a GMLC. If the procedure of FIG. 7 has been initiated by step 1 b, the AMF may use the location service response in order to provide a location service related to an emergency call.

2.5. Positioning Protocol

LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)

FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary protocol layer used to support LPP message transfer between an LMF and a UE. An LPP protocol data unit (PDU) may be carried in a NAS PDU between an AMF and the UE.

Referring to FIG. 8 , LPP is terminated between a target device (e.g., a UE in a control plane or an SUPL enabled terminal (SET) in a user plane) and a location server (e.g., an LMF in the control plane or an SLP in the user plane). LPP messages may be carried as transparent PDUs cross intermediate network interfaces using appropriate protocols, such an NGAP over an NG-C interface and NAS/RRC over LTE-Uu and NR-Uu interfaces. LPP is intended to enable positioning for NR and LTE using various positioning methods.

For example, a target device and a location server may exchange, through LPP, capability information therebetween, assistance data for positioning, and/or location information. The target device and the location server may exchange error information and/or indicate abort of an LPP procedure, through an LPP message.

NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa)

FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary protocol layer used to support NRPPa PDU transfer between an LMF and an NG-RAN node.

NRPPa may be used to carry information between an NG-RAN node and an LMF. Specifically, NRPPa may carry an E-CID for measurement transferred from an ng-eNB to an LMF, data for support of an OTDOA positioning method, and a cell-ID and a cell position ID for support of an NR cell ID positioning method. An AMF may route NRPPa PDUs based on a routing ID of an involved LMF over an NG-C interface without information about related NRPPa transaction.

An NRPPa procedure for location and data collection may be divided into two types. The first type is a UE associated procedure for transfer of information about a particular UE (e.g., location measurement information) and the second type is a non-UE-associated procedure for transfer of information applicable to an NG-RAN node and associated TPs (e.g., gNB/ng-eNB/TP timing information). The two types may be supported independently or may be supported simultaneously.

2.6. Positioning Measurement Method

Positioning methods supported in the NG-RAN may include a GNSS, an OTDOA, an E-CID, barometric sensor positioning, WLAN positioning, Bluetooth positioning, a TBS, uplink time difference of arrival (UTDOA) etc. Although any one of the positioning methods may be used for UE positioning, two or more positioning methods may be used for UE positioning.

OTDOA (Observed Time Difference of Arrival)

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) positioning method, to which various embodiments are applicable;

The OTDOA positioning method uses time measured for DL signals received from multiple TPs including an eNB, an ng-eNB, and a PRS-only TP by the UE. The UE measures time of received DL signals using location assistance data received from a location server. The position of the UE may be determined based on such a measurement result and geographical coordinates of neighboring TPs.

The UE connected to the gNB may request measurement gaps to perform OTDOA measurement from a TP. If the UE is not aware of an SFN of at least one TP in OTDOA assistance data, the UE may use autonomous gaps to obtain an SFN of an OTDOA reference cell prior to requesting measurement gaps for performing reference signal time difference (RSTD) measurement.

Here, the RSTD may be defined as the smallest relative time difference between two subframe boundaries received from a reference cell and a measurement cell. That is, the RSTD may be calculated as the relative time difference between the start time of a subframe received from the measurement cell and the start time of a subframe from the reference cell that is closest to the subframe received from the measurement cell. The reference cell may be selected by the UE.

For accurate OTDOA measurement, it is necessary to measure time of arrival (ToA) of signals received from geographically distributed three or more TPs or BSs. For example, ToA for each of TP 1, TP 2, and TP 3 may be measured, and RSTD for TP 1 and TP 2, RSTD for TP 2 and TP 3, and RSTD for TP 3 and TP 1 are calculated based on three ToA values. A geometric hyperbola is determined based on the calculated RSTD values and a point at which curves of the hyperbola cross may be estimated as the position of the UE. In this case, accuracy and/or uncertainty for each ToA measurement may occur and the estimated position of the UE may be known as a specific range according to measurement uncertainty.

For example, RSTD for two TPs may be calculated based on Equation 5 below.

$\begin{matrix} {{RSTDi}_{,1} = {\frac{\sqrt{\left( {x_{t} - x_{i}} \right)^{2} + \left( {y_{t} - y_{i}} \right)^{2}}}{c} - \frac{\sqrt{\left( {x_{t} - x_{1}} \right)^{2} + \left( {y_{t} - y_{1}} \right)^{2}}}{c} + \left( {T_{i} - T_{1}} \right) + \left( {n_{i} - n_{1}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}5} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

In Equation 5, c is the speed of light, {x_(t), y_(t)} are (unknown) coordinates of a target UE, {x_(i), y_(i)} are (known) coordinates of a TP, and {x₁, y₁} are coordinates of a reference TP (or another TP). Here, (T_(i)−T₁) is a transmission time offset between two TPs, referred to as “real time differences” (RTDs), and n_(i) and n₁ are UE ToA measurement error values.

E-CID (Enhanced Cell ID)

In a cell ID (CID) positioning method, the position of the UE may be measured based on geographical information of a serving ng-eNB, a serving gNB, and/or a serving cell of the UE. For example, the geographical information of the serving ng-eNB, the serving gNB, and/or the serving cell may be acquired by paging, registration, etc.

The E-CID positioning method may use additional UE measurement and/or NG-RAN radio resources in order to improve UE location estimation in addition to the CID positioning method. Although the E-CID positioning method partially may utilize the same measurement methods as a measurement control system on an RRC protocol, additional measurement only for UE location measurement is not generally performed. In other words, an additional measurement configuration or measurement control message may not be provided for UE location measurement. The UE does not expect that an additional measurement operation only for location measurement will be requested and the UE may report a measurement value obtained by generally measurable methods.

For example, the serving gNB may implement the E-CID positioning method using an E-UTRA measurement value provided by the UE.

Measurement elements usable for E-CID positioning may be, for example, as follows.

-   -   UE measurement: E-UTRA reference signal received power (RSRP),         E-UTRA reference signal received quality (RSRQ), UE E-UTRA         reception (Rx)-transmission (Tx) time difference, GERAN/WLAN         reference signal strength indication (RSSI), UTRAN common pilot         channel (CPICH) received signal code power (RSCP), and/or UTRAN         CPICH Ec/Io     -   E-UTRAN measurement: ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference, timing         advance (TADV), and/or AoA

Here, TADV may be divided into Type 1 and Type 2 as follows.

TADV Type 1=(ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference)+(UE E-UTRA Rx-Tx time difference)

TADV Type 2=ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference

AoA may be used to measure the direction of the UE. AoA is defined as the estimated angle of the UE counterclockwise from the eNB/TP. In this case, a geographical reference direction may be north. The eNB/TP may use a UL signal such as an SRS and/or a DMRS for AoA measurement. The accuracy of measurement of AoA increases as the arrangement of an antenna array increases. When antenna arrays are arranged at the same interval, signals received at adjacent antenna elements may have constant phase rotate.

Multi RTT (Multi-Cell RTT)

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary multi-round trip time (multi-RTT) positioning method to which various embodiments are applicable.

Referring to FIG. 11(a), an exemplary RTT procedure is illustrated, in which an initiating device and a responding device perform ToA measurements, and the responding device provides ToA measurements to the initiating device, for RTT measurement (calculation). The initiating device may be a TRP and/or a UE, and the responding device may be a UE and/or a TRP.

In operation 1301 according to various embodiments, the initiating device may transmit an RTT measurement request, and the responding device may receive the RTT measurement request.

In operation 1303 according to various embodiments, the initiating device may transmit an RTT measurement signal at t0 and the responding device may acquire a ToA measurement t1.

In operation 1305 according to various embodiments, the responding device may transmit an RTT measurement signal at t2 and the initiating device may acquire a ToA measurement t3.

In operation 1307 according to various embodiments, the responding device may transmit information about [t2−t1], and the initiating device may receive the information and calculate an RTT by Equation 6. The information may be transmitted and received based on a separate signal or in the RTT measurement signal of operation 1305.

RTT=t ₃ −t ₀ −[t ₂ −t ₁]  [Equation 6]

Referring to FIG. 11(b), an RTT may correspond to a double-range measurement between two devices. Positioning estimation may be performed from the corresponding information. d₁, d₂, and d₃ may be determined based on the measured RTT, and the location of a target device may be determined to be the intersection of the circumferences of circles with radiuses of d₁, d₂, and d₃, in which BS₁, BS₂, and BS₃ (or TRPs) are centered, respectively.

2.7. Sounding Procedure

In a wireless communication system to which various embodiments are applicable, an SRS for positioning may be used.

An SRS-Config information element (IE) may be used to configure SRS transmission. (A list of) SRS resources and/or (a list of) SRS resource sets may be defined, and each resource set may be defined as a set of SRS resources.

The SRS-Config IE may include configuration information on an SRS (for other purposes) and configuration information on an SRS for positioning separately. For example, configuration information on an SRS resource set for the SRS (for other purposes) (e.g., SRS-ResourceSet) and configuration information on an SRS resource set for the SRS for positioning (e.g., SRS-PosResourceSet) may be included separately. In addition, configuration information on an SRS resource for the SRS (for other purposes) (e.g., SRS-ResourceSet) and configuration information on an SRS resource for the SRS for positioning (e.g., SRS-PosResource) may be included separately.

An SRS resource set for positioning may include one or more SRS resources for positioning. Configuration information on the SRS resource set for positioning may include: information on an identifier (ID) that is assigned/allocated/related to the SRS resource set for positioning; and information on an ID that is assigned/allocated/related to each of the one or more SRS resources for positioning. For example, configuration information on an SRS resource for positioning may include an ID assigned/allocated/related to a UL resource. In addition, each SRS resource/SRS resource set for positioning may be identified based on each ID assigned/allocated/related thereto.

The SRS may be configured periodically/semi-persistently/aperiodically.

An aperiodic SRS may be triggered by DCI. The DCI may include an SRS request field.

Table 6 shows an exemplary SRS request field.

TABLE 6 Triggered aperiodic SRS resource set(s) for DCI format 0_1, 0_2, 1_1, 1_2, and 2_3 Triggered aperiodic SRS resource configured with higher layer set(s) for DCI format 2_3 configured Value of SRS parameter srs-TPC-PDCCH- with higher layer parameter srs-TPC- request field Group set to ‘typeB’ PDCCH-Group set to ‘typeA’ 00 No aperiodic SRS resource set No aperiodic SRS resource set triggered triggered 01 SRS resource set(s) configured SRS resource set(s) configured with by SRS-ResourceSet with higher higher layer parameter usage in SRS- layer parameter aperiodicSRS- ResourceSet set to ‘antennaSwitching’ ResourceTrigger set to 1 or an and resource Type in SRS-ResourceSet entry in aperiodicSRS- set to ‘aperiodic’ for a 1^(st) set of serving ResourceTriggerList set to 1 cells configured by higher layers SRS resource set(s) configured by SRS-PosResourceSet with an entry in aperiodicSRS- ResourceTriggerList set to 1 when triggered by DCI formats 0_1, 0_2, 1_1, and 1_2 10 SRS resource set(s) configured SRS resource set(s) configured with by SRS-ResourceSet with higher higher layer parameter usage in SRS- layer parameter aperiodicSRS- ResourceSet set to ‘antennaSwitching’ ResourceTrigger set to 2 or an and resourceType in SRS-ResourceSet entry in aperiodicSRS- set to ‘aperiodic’ for a 2^(nd) set of serving ResourceTriggerList set to 2 cells configured by higher layers SRS resource set(s) configured by SRS-PosResourceSet with an entry in aperiodicSRS- ResourceTriggerList set to 2 when triggered by DCI formats 0_1, 0_2, 1_1, and 1_2 11 SRS resource set(s) configured SRS resource set(s) configured with by SRS-ResourceSet with higher higher layer parameter usage in SRS- layer parameter aperiodicSRS- ResourceSet set to ‘antennaSwitching’ ResourceTrigger set to 3 or an and resourceType in SRS-ResourceSet entry in aperiodicSRS- set to ‘aperiodict for a 3^(rd) set of serving ResourceTriggerList set to 3 cells configured by higher layers SRS resource set(s) configured by SRS-PosResourceSet with an entry in aperiodicSRS- ResourceTriggerList set to 3 when triggered by DCI formats 0_1, 0_2, 1_1, and 1_2

In Table 6, srs-TPC-PDCCH-Group is a parameter for setting the triggering type for SRS transmission to type A or type B, aperiodicSRS-ResourceTriggerList is a parameter for configuring an additional list of DCI code points where the UE needs to transmit the SRS according to the SRS resource set configuration, aperiodicSRS-ResourceTrigger is a parameter for configuring a DCI code point where the SRS needs to be transmitted according to the SRS resource set configuration, and resourceType is a parameter for configuring (periodic/semi-static/aperiodic) time domain behavior of the SRS resource configuration.

3. Various Embodiments

A detailed description will be given of various embodiments based on the above technical ideas. The afore-described contents of Section 1 and Section 2 are applicable to various embodiments described below. For example, operations, functions, terminologies, and so on which are not defined in various embodiments may be performed and described based on Section 1 and Section 2.

Symbols/abbreviations/terms used in the description of various embodiments may be defined as follows.

-   -   A/B/C: A and/or B and/or C     -   AOA (AoA): angle of arrival     -   CSI-RS channel state information reference signal     -   ECID: enhanced cell identifier     -   GNSS: global navigation satellite system     -   LMF: location management function     -   OTDOA (OTDoA): observed time difference of arrival     -   PRS: positioning reference signal     -   RS: reference signal     -   RTT: round trip time     -   RSRP: reference signal received power     -   Rx-Tx time difference: receive-transmit time difference (/time         difference between reception and transmission)     -   1) UE Rx-Tx time difference: According to various embodiments, a         UE Rx-Tx time difference may be defined by T_(UE-RX)-T_(UE-TX).         According to various embodiments, T_(UE-RX) denotes a timing at         which a UE receives DL subframe (and/or frame/slot/symbol, etc.)         #i from a positioning node, which may be defined by a first         detected path in time. According to various embodiments,         T_(UE-TX) denotes a timing at which a UE transmits UL subframe         (and/or frame/slot/symbol, etc.) #j closest in time to subframe         (and/or frame/slot/symbol, etc.) #i received from a positioning         node (where i and j are indices, each of which may have an         integer value greater than or equal to 0). According to various         embodiments, one or multiple DL PRS resources may be used to         determine the start of one subframe (and/or frame/slot/symbol,         etc.) on a first arrival path of the positioning node.     -   2) gNB Rx-Tx time difference: According to various embodiments,         a gNB Rx-Tx time difference may be defined by         T_(gNB-RX)−T_(gNB-TX). According to various embodiments,         T_(gNB-RX) denotes a timing at which a positioning node receives         UL subframe (and/or frame/slot/symbol, etc.) #i including a         sounding reference signal (SRS) associated with a UE, which may         be defined by a first detected path in time. According to         various embodiments, T_(gNB-TX) denotes a timing at which a         positioning node transmits DL subframe (and/or         frame/slot/symbol, etc.) #j closest in time to subframe (and/or         frame/slot/symbol, etc.) #i received from a node (where i and j         are indices, each of which may have an integer value greater         than or equal to 0). According to various embodiments, one or         multiple SRS resources for positioning may be used to determine         the start of one subframe (and/or frame/slot/symbol, etc.)         including an SRS. According to various embodiments, a gNB may be         replaced with an eNB/base station (BS)/TRP, etc.     -   RSTD: reference signal time difference/relative signal time         difference     -   SINR: signal to interference plus noise ratio)     -   SNR: signal to noise ratio     -   SRS: sounding reference signal     -   SS: synchronization signal     -   SSB: synchronization signal block     -   SS/PBCH: synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel     -   TDOA (TDoA): timing difference of arrival     -   TOA (ToA): time of arrival     -   TRP: transmission and reception point (TP: transmission point)     -   UTDOA (UTDoA): uplink time difference of arrival

In the description of various embodiments, the term “BS” may be understood as an umbrella term including a remote radio head (RRH), an eNB, a NB, a TP, a reception point (RP), a relay, etc.

In the description of various embodiments, the expression “exceeding/greater than or equal to A” may be replaced with “greater than or equal to/exceeding A.”

In the description of various embodiments, the expression “less than/less than or equal to B” may be replaced with “less than or equal to/less than B.”

For example, for calculation/acquisition of measurements (e.g., RSTD, etc.) for positioning, the BS/location server/LMFS may configure/indicate a single reference timing (e.g., a single cell/BS/TRP). However, for example, when the channel environment is not good, positioning performance may be poor.

Additionally/alternatively, for example, it is being discussed that the UE receives the PRS from multiple/plural cells/BS/TRPs through multiple/plural panels. Accordingly, a reference timing configuration/indication method considering such panels may be required.

Various embodiments may relate to configuring/indicating multiple/plural reference timings.

Various embodiments may relate to a panel-friendly reference timing configuration/indication method.

For example, the UE may report only some preferable timing measurements among the timing measurements (e.g. RSTD, etc.) that the UE is instructed/configured to report by the BS/location server/LMF. For example, an uncertainty area, and/or a threshold, and/or distance based approximate received signal strength prediction may be performed. For values less than the predicted value selective reporting may be performed.

For example, a path-loss may be (approximately) calculated/acquired based on the reception power and the transmission power, and a (approximate) distance may be calculated/acquired/estimated therefrom. For example, based on calculation/acquisition, the UE may exclude measurements that exceed a specific distance level/threshold that means/corresponds to the (approximate) distance.

Various embodiments may relate to effectively measuring/acquiring the location of the UE in consideration of a Non Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) signal path and/or multiple panels of the UE. For example, the embodiments may relate to selection and reporting of timing measurements and reporting of RSTD using multiple references in relation to the DL-TDOA technique.

FIG. 13 is a simplified diagram illustrating an operating method of a UE, a TRP, a location server, and/or an LMF according to various embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 13 , in operation 1301 according to various embodiments, the location server and/or the LMF may transmit configuration information to the UE, and the UE may receive the configuration information.

In operation 1303 according to various embodiments, the location server and/or the LMF may transmit reference configuration information to the TRP, and the TRP may receive the reference configuration information. In operation 1305 according to various embodiments, the TRP may transmit the reference configuration information to the UE, and the UE may receive the reference configuration information. In this case, operation 1301 according to various embodiments may be omitted.

In contrast, operations 1303 and 1305 according to various embodiments may be omitted. In this case, operation 1301 according to various embodiments may be performed.

That is, operation 1301 according to various embodiments, and operations 1303 and 1305 according to various embodiments may be selectively performed.

In operation 1307 according to various embodiments, the TRP may transmit a signal related to the configuration information, and the UE may receive the signal related to the configuration information. For example, the signal related to the configuration information may be a signal for positioning of the UE.

In operation 1309 according to various embodiments, the UE may transmit a signal related to positioning to the TRP, and the TRP may receive the signal related to positioning. In operation 1311 according to various embodiments, the TRP may transmit the signal related to positioning to the location server and/or the LMF, and the location server and/or the LMF may receive the signal related to positioning.

In operation 1313 according to various embodiments, the UE may transmit the signal related to positioning to the location server and/or the LMF, and the location server and/or the LMF may receive the signal related to positioning. In this case, operations 1309 and 1311 according to various embodiments may be omitted.

In contrast, operation 1313 according to various embodiments may be omitted. In this case, operations 1309 and 1311 according to various embodiments may be performed.

That is, operations 1309 and 1311 according to various embodiments, and operation 1313 according to various embodiments may be selectively performed.

According to various embodiments, the signal related to positioning may be obtained based on the configuration information and/or the signal related to the configuration information.

FIG. 14 is a simplified diagram illustrating an operating method of a UE, a TRP, a location server, and/or an LMF according to various embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 14(a), in operation 1401(a) according to various embodiments, the UE may receive configuration information.

In operation 1403(a) according to various embodiments, the UE may receive a signal related to the configuration information.

In operation 1405(a) according to various embodiments, the UE may transmit information related to positioning.

Referring to FIG. 14(b), in operation 1401(b) according to various embodiments, the TRP may receive configuration information from the location server and/or the LMF and transmit the configuration information to the UE.

In operation 1403(b) according to various embodiments, the TRP may transmit a signal related to the configuration information.

In operation 1405(b) according to various embodiments, the TRP may receive information related to positioning and transmit the information related to positioning to the location server and/or the LMF.

Referring to FIG. 14(c), in operation 1401(c) according to various embodiments, the location server and/or the LMF may transmit configuration information.

In operation 1405(c) according to various embodiments, the location server and/or the LMF may receive information related to positioning.

For example, the above-described configuration information may be understood as relating to reference configuration (information) or one or more pieces of information that the location server, the LMF, and/or the TRP transmits to/configures for the UE and/or may be understood as the reference configuration (information) or one or more pieces of information that the location server, the LMF, and/or the TRP transmits to/configures for the UE, in a description of various embodiments below.

For example, the above signal related to positioning may be understood as a signal related to one or more pieces of information that the UE reports and/or a signal including one or more pieces of information that the UE reports, in a description of various embodiments below.

For example, in a description of various embodiments below, the BS, the gNB, and the cell may be replaced with the TRP, the TP, or any device serving equally as the TRP or the TP.

For example, in a description of various embodiments below, the location server may be replaced with the LMF and any device serving equally as the LMF.

More detailed operations, functions, terms, etc. in operation methods according to various embodiments may be performed and described based on various embodiments described later. The operation methods according to various embodiments are exemplary and one or more operations in the above-described operation methods may be omitted according to detailed content of each embodiment.

Hereinafter, various embodiments will be described in detail. It may be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the various embodiments described below may be combined in whole or in part to implement other embodiments unless mutually exclusive.

Proposal #0 (Target—not Too Dense Scatter Environment)

According to various embodiments, at least some timing measurements among the configured/indicated timing measurements (e.g., RSTD, UE Rx-Tx time difference measurement and/or reports) may be excluded.

According to various embodiments, the UE may report a set of preferable timing measurements. For example, the UE may report a set of preferable RSTD/UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements.

According to various embodiments, the UE may report only some preferable timing measurements among the timing measurements the UE has been instructed/configured to report by the BS/location server/LMF and/or report a weighting factor for a specific timing measurement.

For example, when the UE is configured/instructed to report 4 RSTD measurements, the UE may calculate/acquire a weighting factor for each combination of the RSTD measurements by plotting a hyperbola based on 3 RSTD measurements and calculating/acquiring an uncertainty area. For example, this operation may be performed for all combinations.

Set #1={RSTD1, RSTD2, RSTD3}=>uncertainty area=1

Set #2={RSTD1, RSTD3, RSTD4}=>uncertainty area=2

Set #3={RSTD1, RSTD2, RSTD4}=>uncertainty area=3

Set #4={RSTD2, RSTD3, RSTD4}=>uncertainty area=4

For example, the UE may plot a hyperbola based on the RSTD measurements included in each set. That is, for example, the location of the UE may be estimated. Thereby, a weighting factor for a specific RSTD measurement may be determined and/or the specific RSTD measurement may be excluded.

For example, the UE may report all timing measurements without excluding specific timing measurement and the BS/location server/LMF may perform an operation (such as excluding the specific timing measurements. However, information about RSTD measurement without any quantization error, for example, may only be known by the UE. That is, determining the weighting factor for a specific RSTD measurement and/or excluding the specific RSTD measurement, for example, may be performed more accurately by the UE than by the BS/location server/LMF. Also, reporting overhead may be reduced because the UE does not report the excluded timing measurement.

For example, the UE may need to be provided with the location of the cell/BSTRP to perform the above process. It may be difficult to predict/acquire the uncertainty area based on each result value of RSTD/TOA measurement.

Sub-Proposal (Implementation-Specific)

According to various embodiments, the BS/location server/LMF allows the UE to calculate/acquire the uncertainty area and/or intermediate position estimation error to signal a specific threshold value to be used in excluding a specific timing measurement in consideration of the quality related to timing measurements (e.g., RSTD, UE RX-TX time difference, etc.).

For example, it may be difficult to accurately determine the quality related to a measurement merely with the timing measurement (e.g., RSTD, UE RX-TX time difference, etc.) acquired by the UE. This may be because even if the amplitude/power of a first-arrival signal path is higher than a specific level, it is not guaranteed that the signal path is a line of sight (LoS).

Therefore, in order to more accurately determine the quality related to the timing measurement, it may be necessary to perform calculations/operations at the level of locating the UE based on the measurement and the geographic location of the cell/BS/TRP. For example, the method according to various embodiments may be needed because the threshold value needs to be adjusted by the BS/location server/LMF according to the positioning accuracy requirement and/or the LoS/NLoS environment around the UE.

Proposal #0-1 (Reporting of Preferable Measurements for Timing Measurement Depending on the Distance Between TRP-UE)

For example, the probability of LoS/NLoS between the UE and a specific cell/BS/TRP may be highly dependent on the distance between the UE and the specific cell/BS/TRP. Considering this feature, various embodiments may be proposed.

According to various embodiments, the UE may exclude timing measurement for a relatively distant cell/TRP/BS and select and report timing measurement for a cell/TRP/BS at a relatively close distance.

According to various embodiments, when the UE knows the transmission power for a PRS resource, the UE may roughly calculate a path-loss based on the reception power and transmission power for the PRS resource to estimate an approximate distance. According to various embodiments, the UE may exclude a measurement exceeding a specific distance level/threshold, which means the approximate distance, the inverse operation according to the estimation.

According to various embodiments, the UE may determine that the timing measurement for a first-arrival signal acquired for a specific PRS resource corresponds to the LoS signal path. Thus, even when the quality related to a measurement is determined to be good, the UE may exclude the measurement if the measurement is below a specific threshold/level in terms of RSRP. According to various embodiments, the BS/location server/LMF may configure/indicate the specific threshold/level for the UE. Additionally/alternatively, according to various embodiments, the UE may autonomously determine the threshold/level.

According to various embodiments, the UE may distinguish between a preferred cell/BS/TRP and a non-preferred cell/BS/TRP based on a signal strength such as RSRP/SINR/SNR for the RS resource transmitted from each cell/BS/TRP. For example, the measurement quality may be determined based on the signal strength and the like, and a cell/BS/TRP corresponding to the case where the measurement quality is below a specific level or is relatively poor may be distinguished from a cell/BS/TRP corresponding to the case where the measurement quality is above the specific level or is relatively good. According to various embodiments, the UE may report this information to the BS/location server/LMF.

Proposal #1: Multiple RSTDs Reporting for DL-TDOA

For example, a timing measurement (e.g., RSTD, etc.) may be reported for one reference timing.

According to various embodiments, multiple references for timing measurements may be provided. Hereinafter, RSTD will be described as an example, but the various embodiments may be applied even to measurements (e.g., AOD, AOA, RSRP, etc.) for various positioning.

According to various embodiments, in reporting an RSTD measurement to a BS/location server/LMF, a UE may report an RSTD measurement for a single reference timing and/or an RSTD measurement for two or more reference timings. According to various embodiments, the BS/location server/LMF may configure/indicate the operation of the UE.

For example, BS/location server/LMF may configure/instruct/recommend the UE to report an RSTD measurement for multi-reference timing in a signal-measurement-information IE (information element) among Provide-location-information IEs (defined in TS.37.355).

For example, OTDOA-ProvideLocationInformation in OTDOA location information may be defined as shown in Table 7.

TABLE 7 OTDOA-ProvideLocationInformation The IE OTDOA-ProvideLocationInformation is used by the target device to provide OTDOA location measurements to the location server. It may also be used to provide OTDOA positioning specific error reason. -- ASN1START OTDOA-ProvideLocationInformation ::= SEQUENCE {  otdoaSignalMeasurementInformationOTDOA-SignalMeasurementInformation OPTIONAL,  otdoa-Error OTDOA-Error  OPTIONAL,  ...,  {{   otdoaSignalMeasurementInformation-NB-r14 OTDOA-SignalMeasurementInformation-NB-r14  OPTIONAL  ]] } -- ASN1STOP

For example, the BS/location server/LMF may configure/instruct/recommend the UE to include and report an RSTD measurement result for multi-reference timing in otdoaSignalMeasurementInformation.

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of multiple references for a timing measurement according to various embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 14(a), for example, TRP #1 and/or TX beam #1 of TRP #1 (and/or a specific PRS resource corresponding to TX beam #1) may be used as a reference and/or reference timing, and RSTD may be reported for TRP #2/3/4/5.

On the other hand, Referring to FIG. 14 -(b), according to various embodiments, the UE may calculate and/or report RSTDs for TRP #2/TRP #3/TRP #4 with respect to two references and/or reference timings for TRP1 and TRP5. According to various embodiments, the UE may calculate and report RSTDs with respect to different references as well. For example, in FIG. 14 -(b), the RSTD between TRP1 and TRP5 may be considered.

According to various embodiments, one or more of the following UE/BS/location server implementation aspects may be considered.

While FIG. 14 illustrates an example with respect to a reference TRP, various embodiments may be applied even to a reference PRS resource and/or a reference PRS resource set. For example, multiple reference TRPs, and/or reference PRS resources and/or reference PRS resource sets may be configured/indicated.

According to various embodiments, the UE/BS/location server may measure the location of the UE based on all of multiple measurements (e.g. multiple RSTDs) with respect to multiple references. Thereby, positioning accuracy for the UE may be improved according to various embodiments. According to various embodiments, an algorithm/method for finding/locating a UE based on multiple references may be used.

According to various embodiments, a measurement (e.g., RSTD) may be selected from among the multiple references based on one or more specific references to measure the location of the UE.

For example, when timing measurement quality for a specific reference among the multiple references is poor (below a specific level), it may be excluded.

For example, when the UE determines that one or more PRSs transmitted from a specific cell/BS/TRP/beam are LoS signals and the quality related to a first-arrival signal time is excellent (above a specific level), it may determine the specific cell/BS/TRP/beam as a reference. However, for example, the BS/TRP/location server may determine, based on an uplink signal (e.g., SRS/PRACH, etc.) transmitted by the UE, that the TRP and LoS are not secured. In this case, for example, BS/location server/LMFS may exclude the reference.

According to various embodiments, UE positioning may be performed by using a reduced measurement set by selecting a reported measurement (e.g., RSTD measurement) based on each reference.

According to various embodiments, performance in positioning may be improved. For example, performance in the worst case may be improved. For example, UE positioning performance may be improved in a case where the geometry between the cell/BS/TRP and the UE is not good (for example, the cell/BS/TRP and the UE are arranged in a straight line), a case where the reference TRP and another TRP and/or UE are positioned in a line, and the like.

Sub-Proposal

According to various embodiments, a UE panel and/or a timing error group (TEG) may be associated with a reference (panel-reference association). According to various embodiments, a reference for positioning measurement may be configured/indicated/acquired based on a panel and/or a TEG of the UE. For example, a preferable reference may differ among UE panels of the UE. According to various embodiments, a panel of the UE may be associated with a reference. For example, considering a change in tilt/orientation of the UE depending on the user, a UE maintaining a constant orientation with respect to the ground, such as a car, may be more suitable.

According to various embodiments, a preferable set and/or quality per set may be reported.

According to various embodiments, the total number of references to be used as timing references of the network may be indicated/set.

According to various embodiments, the UE may change/select and/or report a specific reference without following the configuration/instruction of the network.

For example, reference configuration information related to a DL PRS resource usable as a reference for measurement of DL RSTD, and/or DL-PRS-RSRP, and/or UE Rx-Tx time difference may configured/indicated by the network for the UE. For example, the information provided from the reference configuration information includes a cell/BS/TRP ID (reference cell/BS/TRP ID), and/or a DL PRS resource set ID (reference PRS resource set ID), and/or one PRS resource ID, and/or a list of DL PRS resource IDs (reference PRS resource ID). According to various embodiments, the reference cell/BS/TRP ID, and/or the reference PRS resource set ID, and/or the reference PRS resource ID included in the information provided from the reference configuration information may each correspond to multiple reference cells/BSs/TRPs, and/or multiple reference PRS resource sets, and/or multiple reference PRS resources. For example, the UE may use as a reference what is provided from the reference configuration information, and/or may use/determine one or more/multiple DL PRS resource set IDs, and/or one or more/multiple DL PRS resources (and/or one or more/multiple cell/BS/TRP IDs) different from what is provided from the reference configuration information as references (in the case where the DL PRS resources are included in one DL PRS resource set). For example, when a thing other than that provided from the reference configuration information is determined as a reference, the UE may report information thereon.

Proposal #2

According to various embodiments, when the location of the UE is measured/calculated/determined by a technique of DL-TDOA (Time Difference Of Arrival)/OTDOA (Observed Time Difference Of Arrival), the information related to a round trip time between a specific cell/BS/TRP and the UE other than the RSTD measurement may be utilized. According to various embodiments, implementation of the DL-TDOA/OTDOA algorithm may be further simplified.

According to various embodiments, the DL-TDOA technique may be utilized along with an ECID technique (e.g., LTE/NR ECID technique). According to various embodiments, the BS/location server/LMF may receive a report of a UE RX-TX time difference measurement from the UE using the ECID technique and a report of a gNB RX-TX time difference measurement from the BS. Then, it may recognize the RTT between a specific TRP/BS and the UE, and use the same for measurement of the location of the UE together with the RSTD measurement.

The UE may directly calculate the UE location using the DL-TDOA technique, as in UE-based positioning. In this case, the UE may calculate the location of the UE along with RSTD measurement based on the value of timing advance (TA) indicated/configured from the network. Additionally/alternatively, the gNB RX-TX time difference measurement may be received from the BS/location server and used together with the UE RX-TX time difference measurement in calculating the RTT, and the UE positioning may be performed together with the RSTD measurement.

Hereinafter, various embodiments of a UE equipped with multiple panels will be described.

For example, a UE may be equipped with one or more panels/antenna panels/antenna groups/antenna port groups/groups of antenna elements. For example, antenna panels may be provided on for each face of a UE (e.g., a mobile phone, a smartphone, etc.).

In implementation, for example, independent reception (RX)/transmission (TX) radio frequency (RF) chains may be connected to each panel. That is, a specific RX/TX RF chain may not be connected to every antenna panel. Accordingly, connected RX/TX RF chains may differ among the panels of the UE. In this case, the (time) delays of the RX/TX RF chains connected to the respective antenna panels may be different due to a filter group delay and/or an antenna group delay. For example, depending on hardware implementation, the delays may not be constant. For example, the delays may change over time, and it may be difficult for the UE to measure/predict the same in real time.

For example, the group delay may cause uncertainty in timing measurement measured by the UE, thereby degrading positioning performance accuracy related to measuring/tracking/predicting a location.

For example, it may be assumed that the UE is equipped with two RX panels. For example, timing measurements (e.g., TOA, TOF, time of propagation, etc.) may be acquired through RX panel #1 of the UE for an RS (e.g., PRS, etc.) transmitted from TRP #1. For example, timing measurements (e.g., TOA, TOF, time of propagation, etc.) for TRP #2 may be acquired through RX panel #2. The RSTD may be calculated/acquired based thereon the measurements. For example, when RX panel #1 faces in the LoS direction with respect to TRP #1 and RX panel #2 faces in the LoS direction with respect to TRP #2, the UE may calculate/acquire the RSTD based on the timing measurements (e.g., TOA, TOF, time of propagation, etc.) measured on each panel.

For example, when the timing measurements (e.g., TOA, TOF, time of propagation, etc.) obtained at RX panel #1 and RX panel #2 are measured based on the time at which the signal arrives at each antenna panel, they may not be affected by the delay according to the hardware connected from the final end of the panels to the RF chain. For example, this delay may differ between the antenna panels of the UE and may change over time rather than being fixed to a specific value.

For details of the group delay, reference may be made to Table 8.

TABLE 8  What is Group Delay?  All frequency components of a signal are delayed when they pass though a filter. Group delay in a filter is the time delay of the signal through the device under test as a function of frequency. If we take the example of a modulated sine wave, for example an AM radio signal. Group delay is a measurement of the time taken by the modulated signal to get through the system.  Group Delay is measured in seconds.  For an ideal filter, the phase will be linear and the group delay would be constant. However, in the real world group delay distortions occur, as signals at different frequencies take different amounts of time to pass through a filter.

For example, considering the above-mentioned issues, when the UE is calculates/acquires RSTD measurements using the timing measurements (e.g., TOA, TOF, time of propagation, etc.) measured at different RX panels, the delay issue may occur in hardware. That is, for example, if the UE simply calculates and reports/uses RSTD for UE positioning without correcting the cable delay and/or group delay of hardware, a UE positioning error may be caused even when the timing measurements (e.g., TOA, TOF, propagation time, etc.) are accurate.

For RSTD measurements:

-   -   Measurement from the same UE panel: RSTD measurements for         different TRPs are acquired with a specific single RX panel.     -   Measurement from across UE panels (/Measurement from the         different panels at the UE): a TOA measurement for a specific         TRP is acquired with a specific panel, and an RSTD measurement         is acquired with the difference between ToA measurements         acquired from different panels.

For UE RX-TX Time Difference Measurement:

-   -   Measurement from the same UE panel: UE RX-TX time difference         measurement is acquired by performing both reception (RX) and         transmission (TX) with a specific single panel.     -   Measurements from across UE panels: UE RX-TX time difference         measurement is acquired by performing RX and TX with different         panels.

For example, considering this issue, a timing measurement acquired for each (RX) panel of the UE may be used.

Proposal #1

Measurement from Same UE Panel

According to various embodiments, the UE may acquire a timing measurement (e.g., RSTD, UE RX-TX time difference, ToA, ToF, etc.) for each RX panel of the UE and report the same to the BS/location server/LMF.

For example, when the UE reports a timing measurement for a specific PRS resource set, and/or PRS resource, and/or cell/BS/TRP, information for identifying an elevation of the RX panel (e.g., UE panel ID, RS resource set ID, antenna (port) group ID) of the UE and the timing measurement may be reported.

For example, in the case of RSTD, when RSTD measurements for specific TRP #1 and TRP #2 are reported, (RSTD measurement based on Panel #1 for TRP #1 and TRP #2) and RSTD₁₂ ^(Panel #2) (RSTD measurement based on Panel #2 for TRP #1 and TRP #2) may be reported as an RSTD measured with RX panel #1 and an RSTD measured with RX panel ##2 of the UE, respectively. For example, the UE may be configured/instructed to perform such an operation by the BS/location server/LMF. For example, the UE may report not only the above-described information, but also information about a specific beam (RX beam index/RX beam ID, etc.) among the beams generated by the RX panel of the UE.

Measurement from Across UE Panels

According to various embodiments, the UE may report to the BS/location server/LMF that it has used one or more RX panels in a specific timing measurement.

For example, the UE may inform that RX panel #1 and RX panel #2 have been used for RSTD measurement acquired for a specific PRS resource set, and/or PRS resource, and/or cell/BS/TRP.

For example, in reporting timing measurement information, the UE may report panel index/panel identifier/RS resource set information together to the BS/location server/LMF such that RX panels used by the UE may be notified. For example, the UE may report not only the above information, but also information (RX beam index/RX beam ID, etc.) related to a specific beam among the beams generated from the RX panel of the UE.

For example, in the case of RSTD measurement from across panels, the UE may calculate/acquire a timing measurement by compensating for an antenna group delay or the like for each panel in an implementation.

For example, the UE acquire/calculate a timing measurement by compensating for a delay caused by hardware-specific characteristics for the timing measurement (e.g., RSTD, UE RX-TX time difference, ToA, ToF, etc.) acquired through a specific RX panel.

For example, before calculating the RSTD, the UE may exclude a specific delay from the ToA measured at each panel, and determine the ToA for each panel through averaging over time. Then, it may finally calculate/acquire the RSTD by determining an averaged TOA for each panel. For example, the UE may report the RSTD measurement to the BS/location server/LMF. For example, the UE may be configured/instructed by the BS/location server/LMF to perform the above-described operation.

For example, in ToA measurements per panel, the UE may compensate for a specific antenna group delay that is known/recognized and/or may be configured/indicated by the BS/location server/LMF in order to compensate for timing measurements in consideration of the antenna group delay, which may change over time. Additionally/alternatively, for example, a filtering value for timing measurements per panel acquired over several times (e.g., multiple times included in a specific time duration) may be used in consideration that the group delay may vary with time.

For example, a specific probability distribution/model/value for correcting an error for the group delay varying with time may be provided to the UE from the BS/location server/LMF.

An example of the usability of the various embodiments is described below.

For example, the usability of the reported measurement may be determined based on information about a timing measurement error level generated according to hardware implementation of the RX panels of the UE. Additionally/alternatively, for example, information about the presence or absence of LoS/NLoS and/or LoS quality for each RX panel may be utilized.

For example, when it is known that RX panel #1 and RX panel #2 have the best LoS qualities for TRP #1 and TRP #2, respectively and that there is little difference between the panels in terms of delay caused by the inherent characteristics of the hardware, the BS/location server/LMF may use RSTD measurements acquired across panels with the same/similar priority as the RSTD measurements acquired with a specific single panel.

Proposal #2 (RX-TX Time Difference Measurement)

According to various embodiments, in the case of UE RX-TX time difference measurement, when a panel for reception by the UE different from a panel for transmission by the UE, the UE may always use the same antenna panel to acquire a UE RX-TX time difference measurement and report the same to the BS/location server/LMF, considering that measurement accuracy may be degraded.?????. For example, it may be understood that the UE is forced to perform such an operation. For example, the UE may be configured/instructed to perform the operation by the BS/location server/LMF.

According to various embodiments, in the case of the UE RX-TX time difference measurement, information about the RX panel of the UE and information about the TX panel of the UE may be reported together to the BS/location server/LMF. Additionally/alternatively, according to various embodiments, the UE may report both the aforementioned information and information about a specific beam (RX beam index/RX beam ID, etc.) among beams generated from the RX panel of the UE. Additionally/alternatively, according to various embodiments, the UE may report not only the above information, but also information about a specific TX beam (TX beam index/RX beam ID, etc.) among beams generated from the TX panel of the UE. For example, the TX beam information may be the same as the RX beam information (RX beam index). In this case, the RX beam may be reported instead.

According to various embodiments, in the case of the UE RX-TX time difference measurement across UE panels, the UE may calculate/acquire a timing measurement by compensating for an antenna group delay or the like for each panel.

According to various embodiments, the UE may calculate/acquire a timing measurement by compensating for a delay occurring due to inherent characteristics of hardware for a timing measurement (e.g., ToA/ToF, etc.) acquired through a specific RX panel.

For example, considering that the delay may vary with time, excluding a specific delay from the ToA measured at the RX panel before calculating/acquiring the UE RX-TX time difference measurement, and, the UE may determine the ToA for the RX panel based on an average over time, and may finally calculate/acquire the UE RX-TX time difference measurement based on a group delay and/or a timing error for the TX panel. For example, the UE may report the UE RX-TX time difference measurement to the BS/location server/LMF. For example, the UE may be configured/instructed by the BS/location server/LMF to perform the operation.

According to various embodiments, in timing measurements (e.g., ToA measurements) per TX/RX panel, the UE may compensate for a specific antenna group delay that is known/recognized and/or may be configured/indicated by the BS/location server/LMF in order to compensate for timing measurements in consideration of the antenna group delay, which may change over time. Additionally/alternatively, according to various embodiments, a filtering value for timing measurements per panel acquired over several times (e.g., multiple times included in a specific time duration) may be used in consideration that the group delay may vary with time.

For example, a specific probability distribution/model/value for correcting an error for the group delay varying with time may be provided to the UE from the BS/location server/LMF.

Proposal #3 (Multiple References for Multiple Panels of UE)

According to various embodiments, to acquire and/or report a timing measurement (e.g., RSTD, UE RX-TX time difference measurement, etc.), a UE may use one or more and/or multiple references and report the same to the BS/location server/LMF.

For example, the UE may use different references for the RX antenna panels of the UE, respectively. For example, a reference may be configured as a combination of one or more of specific cell information (physical cell ID), TRP (TRP ID), PRS resource set ID(s), and PRS resource ID(s) used to acquire reference timing that is a reference for timing measurement such as RSTD measurement, and may be used by the UE.

According to various embodiments, the BS/location server/LMF may provide/configured/indicate reference information for acquiring reference timing for the UE in consideration of the number, directivity, orientation, and the like of RX panels of the UE. For example, the BS/location server/LMF may configure/indicate references as many as the maximum number of RX panels in consideration of the number of RX panels of the UE. For example, the UE may report the total number of panels available to the UE and/or panel-related information to the BS/location server/LMF through UE capability signaling or the like.

According to various embodiments, the BS/location server/LMF may configure/indicate/recommend one or more references to be used for acquiring reference timing to the UE.

For example, the BS/location server/LMF may configure/indicate/recommend a specific reference in connection with a specific RX panel of the UE. According to various embodiments, in providing reference information to the UE, the BS/location server/LMF may provide the reference information in connection with information about a specific RX panel ID/panel identifier of the UE. According to various embodiments, the BS/location server/LMF may configure/indicate/recommend a reference for the UE to use at a specific RX panel.

According to various embodiments, the UE may not use the reference provided by the BS/location server/LMF, but use one or more other references.

For example, when the UE may calculate/acquire timing measurements (e.g., RSTD, etc.) using a specific RX panel, one or more references used to acquire reference timing may be different from the reference configured/indicated by the BS/location server/LMF. For example, the UE may use references other than the configured/indicated reference.

For example, when the BS/location server/LMF configures/indicates two references for the UE, the UE may use a specific one of the configured/indicated references and a reference that has not been configured/indicated. For example, the UE may report only information about the reference that has not been configured/indicated to the BS.

According to various embodiments, the UE may exclude one or more of the configured/indicated/recommended references and employ one or more references different from the configured/indicated/recommended references. According to various embodiments, when references other than the configured/indicated/recommended references are used, the UE may report the same to the BS/location server/LMF. According to various embodiments, the information reported by the UE may include information about one or more references different from the multiple configured/indicated/recommended references among the references used by the UE.

Various embodiments may be necessary for positioning of the UE, particularly when timing measurement is acquired/reported/used for each panel of the UE.

Proposal #4

For example, there may be a case where measurements are obtained from the same panel of the UE and a case where measurements are obtained from different panels of the UE. When the same panel of the UE is used, the delay issue caused by the inherent characteristics of the hardware may be relatively small.

According to various embodiments, the UE/BS/location server may assign higher priority to timing measurements acquired by the UE using the same antenna panel than timing measurements acquired using different antenna panels. For example, in performing UE positioning, timing measurement information acquired from the same antenna panel may be prioritized over timing measurement information acquired from different antenna panels. According to various embodiments, the UE may be instructed/configured by the BS/location server/LMF to perform the above-described operation.

Details Related to Panels

Details related to the “panels” applicable to the various embodiments described above will be described.

According to various embodiments, the term “panel” may refer to a groups of multiple antenna elements of the UE.

According to various embodiments, an antenna panel/antenna group may be identified by a specific ID/index. Additionally/alternatively, according to various embodiments, the antenna panel/antenna group may be identified/recognized by the ID of a specific UL RS (e.g., SRS) resource set. For example, the ID/index of the specific SRS resource set may be an ID/index for identifying a specific panel of the UE.

In the description of various embodiments, the panel of the UE may mean a panel for transmitting signals (TX panel) and a panel for receiving signals (RX panel).

The use of an antenna panel of a UE applicable to various embodiments will be described.

For example, a panel of the UE suitable for each cell/BS/TRP may vary according to the orientation/position of the UE and/or the orientation/position of the cell/BS/TRP. Accordingly, for example, a specific panel of the UE suitable for signal transmission/reception with a specific cell/BS/TRP may be selectively used at a specific time. Additionally/alternatively, for example, antenna panels of the UE suitable for cells/BSs/TRPs may be simultaneously used for simultaneous wireless communication of the different cells/BSs/TRPs.

For example, when there is only one panel of the UE at a specific position, the beam direction that may be formed on the panel of the UE may not be suitable for a cell/BS/TRP that needs to transmit and receive a radio signal. That is, for example, a decrease in data transfer rate and/or a decrease in measurement accuracy between the UE and the cell/BS/TRP may be caused.

Therefore, for example, it may be necessary to mount multiple antenna panels at various positions (e.g., corners/faces) of the UE such as a smartphone. However, for example, timing delay may vary due to different lengths cables connected between different antenna panels and the modem. Therefore, for example, it may be necessary to overcome/compensate for such delay characteristics in UE positioning.

For example, even for the same TRP, a timing measurement related to positioning may vary for each panel of the UE due to a group delay, depending on the hardware characteristics of the antenna panel of the UE. Therefore, which antenna panel the UE uses to measure the reference timing may be important in positioning, and various embodiments may be considered as a solution.

In the description of various embodiments, a panel of the UE may be multiple antenna elements, and/or a group/configure of antenna elements mounted on the UE. For example, the panel of the UE may be a specific physical panel/antenna group. For example, for the panel of the UE, a logical bundle of multiple antennas may be used as one group. In the description of various embodiments, the panel of the UE may be expressed as an “antenna group” or an “antenna element” in addition to the “panel”. According to various embodiments, a method of separating/distinguishing an antenna group by grouping antenna elements and assigning a specific identifier/ID thereto may be introduced. According to various embodiments, a plurality of antenna elements may be distributed into one or more groups, and the one or more groups may be identified/distinguished from each other by the specific identifier/ID.

Multiple Panels

Hereinafter, multiple panels (multi-panel) according to various embodiments will be described. For example, the various embodiments may be related to multi-panel operations/multi-panel definitions/multi-panel related details.

According to various embodiments, the term “panel” may refer to a group of multiple antenna elements.

Additionally/alternatively, in the description of various embodiments, the term “panel” may mean one or more panels (at least one panel and/or multiple panels) and/or a panel group (having a similarity/common value in terms of specific characteristics (e.g., TA, power control parameters, etc.)).

Additionally/alternatively, in the description of various embodiments, the term “panel” may mean one or more antenna ports (at least one antenna port and/or multiple antenna ports), an antenna port group, and/or a UL resource group/set (having a similarity/common value in terms of specific characteristics (e.g., TA, power control parameters, etc.) (e.g., when the difference between values related to the specific characteristic is within a predetermined range and/or below a predetermined threshold)).

Additionally/alternatively, in the description of various embodiments, the term “panel” may mean one or more beams (at least one beam and/or multiple beams), an antenna port group, and/or one or more beam groups/sets (at least one beam group/set and/or multiple beam groups/sets) (having a similarity/common value in terms of specific characteristics (e.g., TA, power control parameters, etc.)).

Additionally/alternatively, in the description of various embodiments, the term “panel” may be defined as a unit for the UE to configure/set a Tx/Rx beam. For example, the term “Tx panel” may be defined as a unit for using one beam among a plurality of Tx beams, which are generated by one panel, for transmission at a specific time. That is, only one Tx beam (e.g., spatial relation information RS) may be used for each Tx panel to transmit a specific UL signal/channel.

Additionally/alternatively, in the description of various embodiments, the term “panel” may mean one or more antenna ports (at least one antenna port and/or multiple antenna ports), an antenna port group, and/or a UL resource group/set having common/similar UL synchronization (e.g., when the difference in UL synchronization is less than or equal to a predetermined range/threshold).

Additionally/alternatively, in the description of various embodiments, the term “panel” may be replaced with an uplink synchronization unit (USU) in general.

Additionally/alternatively, in the description of various embodiments, the term “panel” may be replaced with an uplink transmission entity (UTE) in general.

Additionally/alternatively, in the description of various embodiments, the expression of “uplink resource (and/or resource group/set)” may be replaced with a PUSCH/PUCCH/SRS/PRACH resource (and/or resource group/set).

Additionally/alternatively, in the description of various embodiments, when it is said that something may be replaced, it may be interpreted to mean that the thing may be modified and applied, and vice versa. That is, in the description of various embodiments, when it is said that something may be modified and applied, it may be interpreted to mean that the thing may be modified and applied in reverse.

Additionally/alternatively, in the description of various embodiments, the term “antenna (and/or antenna port)” may refer to a physical and/or logical antenna (and/or antenna port).

Additionally/alternatively, in the description of various embodiments, the term “panel” may be variously interpreted as follows: a group of antenna elements of a UE, a group of antenna ports of a UE, and/or a group of logical antennas of a UE. For example, which physical/logical antennas and/or antenna ports are bundled and mapped to one panel may be determined in various ways by considering the location/distance/correlation/radio frequency (RF) configuration/antenna (port) virtualization between antennas. For example, such a mapping process may vary according to UE implementation.

Additionally/alternatively, in the description of various embodiments, the term “panel” may mean a plurality of panels and/or a panel group (having a similarity in terms of specific characteristics (e.g., when the difference between values related to the specific characteristic is within a predetermined range and/or below a predetermined threshold)).

Multi-Panel Structure

According to various embodiments, UE modeling where a plurality of panels (configured with one or more antennas) is mounted may be considered when the UE is implemented in high frequency bands. For example, two bi-directional panels may be considered in 3GPP UE antenna modeling.

According to various embodiments, various forms may be considered when implementing a plurality of UE panels. In the description of various embodiments, although it is assumed that the UE supports a plurality of panels, the embodiments may also be applied to a BS (e.g., TRP, etc.) supporting a plurality of panels.

According to various embodiments, the multi-panel structure may be applied when signals and/or channels are transmitted and received based on multiple panels.

FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary multi-panel structure according to various embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 15 , according to various embodiments, the multi-panel structure may be implemented based on RF switching (multi-panel UE implementation based on RF switching).

For example, only one panel may be activated at one instance (a specific instance). To switch the activated panel (e.g., panel switching, etc.), signal transmission may not be allowed for a predetermined period of time.

FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary multi-panel structure according to various embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 16 , according to various embodiments, the multi-panel structure may be implemented based on RF connection (multi-panel UE implementation based on RF connection).

For example, RF chains may be connected to each other so that each panel may be activated at any time (any time/always). For example, the time required for panel switching may be zero and/or very small (e.g., a time that may be approximated to 0, a time below a prescribed threshold, etc.). Depending on the configuration of a modem and/or power amplifier, a plurality of panels may be simultaneously activated to transmit signals (for example, simultaneous transmission across multiple panels (STxMP)).

When the UE has a plurality of panels, each panel may have a different radio channel state. Additionally/alternatively, each antenna panel may have a different RF/antenna configuration. Therefore, there is a need for a method of estimating a channel for each panel.

For measurement of UL quality and/or management of UL beams and/or measurement of DL quality for each panel and/or management of DL beams based on channel reciprocity, a process in which one and/or a plurality of SRS resources are transmitted for each panel may be required. For example, the plurality of SRS resources may be SRS resources transmitted on different beams within one panel and/or SRS resources repeatedly transmitted on the same beam.

For convenience of description, a set of SRS resources transmitted on the same panel (e.g., based on specific usage parameters (e.g., beam management, antenna switching, codebook-based PUSCH, non-codebook based PUSCH, etc.) and specific time-domain behaviors (e.g., aperiodically, semi-persistently, and/or periodically) may be referred to as an SRS resource group. That is, the SRS resource group may correspond to a set of SRS resources supported in a wireless communication system to which various embodiments are applicable (e.g., NR system supporting Release 15, etc.). Additionally/alternatively, the SRS resource group may be separately configured by binding one and/or a plurality of SRS resources having the same time domain behavior and usage.

For the same usage and time domain behavior in the NR system supporting Release 15, a plurality of SRS resource sets may be configured only when the usage is beam management. For example, it may be defined that simultaneous transmission is not allowed on SRS resources configured in the same SRS resource set, but simultaneous transmission may be allowed between SRS resources belonging to different SRS resource sets. Accordingly, considering the panel implementation shown in FIG. 16 and/or simultaneous transmission on a plurality of panels, the concept of an SRS resource set may match an SRS resource group, but separate SRS resource groups may be defined in consideration of the implementation shown in FIG. 15 such as panel switching. For example, a specific ID may be given to each SRS resource, resources with the same ID may belong to the same SRS resource group, and resources with different IDs may belong to different resource groups.

For example, it may be assumed that the UE is configured with four SRS resource sets configured for BM (e.g., the RRC parameter usage is set to ‘BeamManagement’) (for convenience, the four SRS resource sets may be called SRS resource sets A, B, C, and D). Since a total of four (Tx) panels are implemented for the UE, it may be considered that SRS transmission is performed by matching each SRS resource set to one (Tx) panel. For example, a wireless communication system supporting Release-15, may support the UE implementation shown in Table 9.

TABLE 9 Add the following clarification to FG 2-30 that limit the number of SRS resource sets per supported time domain behaviour. Maximum number of SRS resource sets across all time domain bebaviour Additional constraint on the maximum number of (periodic/semi-persistent/aperiodic) SRS resource sets per supported time domain reported in 2-30 behaviour (periodic/semi-persistent/aperiodic) 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 4 8 4

In Table 9, if the UE reports as its capability a value of 7 or 8 for feature groups (FG) 2 to 30, transmission may be performed as follows: a total of up to four SRS resource sets for BM (for each supported time-domain behavior) may be configured as shown in the right column, and one UE panel may correspond to each set for the transmission.

For example, when the four-panel UE performs transmission as follows: each panel corresponds to one SRS resource set for BM, the number of SRS resources configurable for each set may also be supported by separate UE capability signaling.

It may be assumed that two SRS resources are configured in each set. This may correspond to the number of UL beams capable of being transmitted per each panel. For example, when four panels are implemented, the UE may transmit two UL beams on two configured SRS resources for each panel. In this case, in the wireless communication system supporting Release-15, either CB-based UL mode or NCB-based UL mode may be configured. For example, in the wireless communication system that supports Release-15, only a single SRS resource set (with usage set to “CB-based UL” or “NCB-based UL”)), i.e., only one dedicated SRS resource set (for a PUSCH) may be supported regardless of cases/configurations.

Multi-Panel UE (MPUE) Category

According to various embodiments, the following three MPUE categories may be considered for the above-described multi-panel operation. According to various embodiments, the three MPUE categories may be divided according to at least one of (i) whether multiple panels are activated and/or (ii) whether transmission based on multiple panels is allowed.

MPUE Category 1

When the UE has multiple panels implemented therein, the UE may activate only one panel at a time. For example, the delay for panel switching/activation may be set to [X] ms (where X is a real number, an integer greater than or equal to 0, an integer, and/or a natural number). The delay may be set longer than the delay for beam switching/activation and configured in units of symbols and/or slots. MPUE category 1 may be replaced with MPUE-assumption 1.

MPUE Category 2

When the UE has multiple panels implemented therein, the UE may activate the multiple panels at a time and use one or more panels for transmission. For example, simultaneous transmission based on panels may be allowed in the corresponding category. MPUE category 2 may be replaced with MPUE-assumption2.

MPUE Category 3

When the UE has multiple panels implemented therein, the UE may activate the multiple panels at a time but use only one panel for transmission. MPUE category 3 may be replaced with MPUE-assumption3.

According to various embodiments, one or more of the above-described three MPUE categories may be supported for transmission/reception of signals and/or channels based on multiple panels.

For example, MPUE category 3 among the three MPUE categories may be (optionally) supported in the wireless communication system supporting Release-16.

For example, information on the MPUE category may be predefined by standards (specifications). Accordingly, the information on the MPUE category may be known in advance by the UE and/or the network without separate configuration/indication.

Additionally/alternatively, the information on the MPUE category may be indicated/configured semi-statically or dynamically depending on the state of the system (e.g., from the perspective of the network and/or UE). The configuration/indication related to transmission/reception of signals and/or channels based on multiple panels may be configured/indicated in consideration of the MPUE category.

Configuration/Indication Related to Panel-Specific Transmission/Reception

According to various embodiments, transmission/reception of signals and/or channels may be performed panel-specifically. Panel-specific transmission/reception may mean that transmission/reception of signals and/or channels are performed in units of panels. For example, panel-specific transmission/reception may be referred to as panel-selective transmission/reception.

According to various embodiments, identification information (e.g., identifier (ID), indicator, etc.) may be used for panel-specific transmission/reception in operation based on multiple panels. Hereinafter, a panel ID will be described as an example of identification information for configuring and/or indicating a panel, but this may be replaced with identification information, an indicator, etc.

For example, the ID of a panel among a plurality of activated panels may be used for panel-selective transmission of a PUSCH, a PUCCH, an SRS, and/or a PRACH.

According to various embodiments, the panel ID may be configured/defined based on at least one of the following four alternatives (Alts. 1, 2, 3, and 4).

Alt.1

According to various embodiments, the panel ID may be an SRS resource set ID.

For example, considering the following cases: a) when SRS resources in several SRS resource sets having the same time-domain operation are simultaneously transmitted in the same BWP, b) when a power control parameter is configured in units of SRS resource sets, c) when the UE supports a maximum of four SRS resource sets (corresponding to up to four panels) depending on the supported time-domain operation, each UE Tx panel may correspond to an SRS resource set configured in terms of the UE implementation.

For Alt.1, the SRS resource set associated with each panel may be used for PUSCH transmission based on ‘codebook’ and ‘non-codebook’.

For Alt.1, several SRS resources belonging to several SRS resource sets may be selected by extending the SRI field of DCI.

For example, an SRI-to-SRS resource mapping table may need to be extended to include SRS resources in all the SRS resource sets.

Alt.2

According to various embodiments, the panel ID may be an ID (directly) associated with a reference RS resource and/or reference RS resource set.

Alt.3

According to various embodiments, the panel ID may be an ID (directly) associated with a target RS resource and/or target RS resource set.

For Alt.3, a configured SRS resource set corresponding to one UE Tx panel may be easily controlled, and the same panel ID may be assigned to multiple SRS resource sets with different time-domain operations.

Alt.4

According to various embodiments, the panel ID may be an ID additionally configured for spatial relation information (e.g., RRC_SpatialRelationInfo).

Alt.4 may correspond to a method of newly adding information for indicating the panel ID. For example, in this case, a configured SRS resource set corresponding to one UE Tx panel may be easily controlled, and the same panel ID may be assigned to multiple SRS resource sets with different time-domain operations.

For example, a UL TCI may be introduced in relation to a DL TCI. UL TCI state definitions may include a list of reference RS resources (e.g., SRS, CSI-RS, and/or SSB). For example, the SRI field may be reused to select a UL TCI state from the configured set, and/or a new DCI field (e.g., UL-TCI field) in DCI (e.g., DCI format 0_1) may be defined for the same purpose.

According to various embodiments, the above-described panel-specific transmission/reception related information (e.g., panel ID, etc.) may be provided by higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC message, MAC-CE, etc.) and/or lower layer signaling (e.g., L1 signaling, DCI, etc.). According to various embodiments, the corresponding information may be transmitted from the BS (and/or network node) to the UE and/or from the UE to the BS (and/or network node) according to circumstances or needs.

Additionally/alternatively, according to various embodiments, the corresponding information may be configured in a hierarchical manner as follows: a set of candidates are first configured and then specific information is indicated.

Additionally/alternatively, according to various embodiments, the above-described panel related identification information may be configured in units of a single panel and/or in units of multiple panels (e.g., panel group, panel set, etc.).

Timing Error Group (TEG)

In the description of various embodiments, a panel may be understood as a timing error group and/or as being related to a timing error group.

In the description of various embodiments, the following definitions may be used to describe the internal timing error:

-   -   Transmission (Tx) timing error: For example, in terms of signal         transmission, a time delay may be present in between the time         when a digital signal is generated in baseband and the time when         a radio frequency (RF) signal is transmitted through a Tx         antenna. For example, to support positioning, the UE/TRP may         implement/perform internal calibration/compensation of the Tx         time delay for transmission of DL PRS/UL SRS, which may include         calibration/compensation of a relative time delay between         different RF chains of the same UE/TRP. For example, for the         calibration/compensation, the offset of the Tx antenna phase         center with respect to the physical antenna center may be         considered. However, for example, the calibration/compensation         may not be perfect, and the Tx time delay remaining after the         calibration/compensation and/or the uncalibrated/uncompensated         Tx time delay may be defined as a Tx timing error.     -   Reception (Rx) timing error: For example, in terms of signal         reception, a time delay may be present in between the time when         an RF signal arrives at the Rx antenna and the time when the         signal is digitized and time-stamped in the baseband. For         example, to support positioning, the UE/TRP may         implement/perform internal calibration/compensation of the Rx         time delay before reporting measurements acquired from the DL         PRS/UL SRS, which may include calibration/compensation of a         relative time delay between different RF chains of the same         UE/TRP. For example, for the calibration/compensation, the         offset of the Rx antenna phase center with respect to the         physical antenna center may be considered. However, for example,         the calibration/compensation may not be perfect, and the Rx time         delay remaining after the calibration/compensation and/or the         uncalibrated/uncompensated Rx time delay may be defined as an Rx         timing error.

According to various embodiments, based on the definition of the Tx/Rx timing error described above, TEGs may be defined as follows:

-   -   UE Tx “timing error group” (UE Tx TEG): For example, a UE Tx TEG         may be associated with transmission of one or more UL SRS         resources for positioning with a Tx timing error within a         specific margin.     -   TRP Tx “timing error group” (TRP Tx TEG): For example, a TRP Tx         TEG may be associated with transmission of one or more DL PRS         resources with a Tx timing error within a specific margin.     -   UE Rx “timing error group” (UE Rx TEG): For example, a UE Rx TEG         may be associated with one or more DL measurements with an Rx         timing error within a specific margin.     -   TRP Rx “timing error group” (TRP Rx TEG): For example, a TRP Rx         TEG may be associated with one or more UL measurements with an         Rx timing error within a specific margin.     -   UE RxTx “timing error group” (UE RxTx TEG): For example, a UE         RxTx TEG may be associated with one or more UE RxTx time         difference measurements, and one or more UL SRS resources for         positioning with an Rx timing error and a Tx timing error (Rx         timing error+Tx timing error) within a specific margin.

TRP RxTx “timing error group” (TRP RxTx TEG): For example, a TRP RxTx TEG may be associated with the measurement of one or more gNB RxTx time differences and one or more DL PRS resources having the Rx timing error and Tx timing error (Rx timing error+Tx timing error) within a specific margin.

For example, a TEG may be understood as having an Rx timing error within the specific margin discussed above and/or a group delay associated with the Tx timing.

Differential RTT

FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of differential RTT according to various embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 17 , for example, TRP #1 may include Tx TEG #1 and Tx TEG #2, and/or TRP #1 may correspond to Tx TEG #1 and Tx TEG #2. For example, TRP #2 may include Tx TEG #1 and Tx TEG #2, and/or TRP #2 may correspond to Tx TEG #1 and Tx TEG #2.

For example, a target UE may include Rx TEG #1 and Rx TEG #2, and/or the target UE may correspond to Rx TEG #1 and Rx TEG #2. For example, a reference device may include Rx TEG #1 and Rx TEG #2, and/or may correspond to Rx TEG #1 and Rx TEG #2.

For example, the reference device may represent a device whose location is (accurately) known and/or may be considered known, and may be a reference device with known location. For example, stating that the location of the reference device is accurately known may include a case where the known location of the reference device satisfies a specific precision (e.g., the accuracy is higher than or equal to a specific level).

For example, the reference device may be a UE/BS/TRP, and may be predefined/configured and/or configured/indicated by a preconfigured rule/reference and/or explicit/implicit signaling. For example, the reference device may be changed according to the preconfigured rule/reference and/or the explicit/implicit signaling.

For example, the reference device with a known location may be configured to support one or more of the following functions:

-   -   For example, it may measure DL PRS and report associated         measurements (e.g., RSTD, Rx-Tx time difference, RSRP, etc.) to         the LMF     -   For example, it may transmit an SRS and enable the TRP to         perform measurement and report to the LMF a measurement         associated with the reference device (e.g., relative time of         arrival (RTOA), Rx-Tx time difference, AOA, etc.).     -   For example, signals, measurements, parameters, and the like for         Rx timing/Tx timing/angle of departure (AOD)/AOA enhancement         and/or measurement calibration may be provided.     -   For example, when there is no information in the LMF, the device         (reference device) location coordinate information may be         reported to the LMF

FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of differential RTT according to various embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 18 , as described above, for example, in terms of signal transmission, a time delay may be present in between the time when the digital signal is generated in the baseband (BB) and the time when the RF signal is transmitted through the Tx antenna (Ant). In terms of signal reception, a time delay may be present in between the time when the RF signal arrives at the Rx antenna and the time when the signal is digitized and time-stamped in the BB.

For example, a first signal (e.g., an RS for positioning) may be transmitted by the TRP and received by the UE. A Tx timing error e_(TX) ^(TRP) from the time the first signal is generated by the TRP in the BB to the time the first signal is transmitted through the Tx antenna may occur. Also, an Rx timing error e_(RX) ^(UE) from the first signal is received by the UE through the Rx antenna to the time the first signal is processed in the BB may occur. For example, a time difference T_(p_DL) may occur between the time when the first signal is generated by the TRP in the BB and the time when the first signal is processed by the UE in the BB. According to various embodiments, T_(P) _(DL) ^(actual), which is the remaining time obtained by excluding e_(TX) ^(TRP) and e_(RX) ^(UE) from T_(p_DL), may be produced. For example, T_(P) _(DL) ^(actual) may be a time difference between the time when the first signal is transmitted by the TRP through the Tx antenna and the time when the first signal is received by the UE through the Rx antenna.

For example, a second signal (e.g., an RS for positioning) may be transmitted by the UE and received by the TRP. A Tx timing error e_(TX) ^(UE) from the time the second signal is generated by the UE in the BB to the time the second signal is transmitted through the Tx antenna may occur. Also, an Rx timing error e_(RX) ^(TRP) from the second signal is received by the TRP through the Rx antenna to the time the second signal is processed in the BB may occur. For example, a time difference T_(p_UL) may occur between the time when the second signal is generated by the UE in the BB and the time when the second signal is processed by the TRP in the BB. According to various embodiments, T_(P) _(UL) ^(actual), which is the remaining time obtained by excluding e_(RX) ^(UE) and e_(TX) ^(TRP) from T_(p_UL), may be produced. For example, T_(P) _(UL) ^(actual) may be a time difference between the time when the second signal is transmitted by the UE through the Tx antenna and the time when the second signal is received by the TRP through the Rx antenna.

For example, the Rx-Tx time difference (measured) may be acquired as a time difference between the time when the first signal is processed by the UE in the BB and the time when the second signal is generated by the UE in the BB.

UE Rx-Tx time difference (measured)=(Time when the first signal is processed by the UE in the BB)−(Time when the second signal is generated by the UE in the BB)

For example, the gNB Rx-Tx time difference (measured) may be acquired as a time difference between the time when the second signal is processed by the TRP in the BB and the time when the first signal is generated by the TRP in the BB.

gNB Rx-Tx time difference (measured)=(Time when the second signal is processed by the TRP in the BB)−(Time when first signal is generated by the TRP in the BB)

For example, the RTT (measured) may be the sum of the UE Rx-Tx time difference (measured) and the gNB Rx-Tx time difference (measured).

RTT (measured)=UE Rx-Tx time difference (measured)+gNB Rx-Tx time difference (measured)={(Time when the first signal is processed by the UE in the BB)−(Time when the second signal is generated by the UE in the BB)}+{(Time when the second signal is processed by the TRP in the BB)−(Time when the first signal is generated by the TRP in the BB)}

As described above, all Tx/Rx timings in the example are acquired in the BB, and may be associated with an actual propagation delay and/or group delay.

For example, the UE Rx-Tx time difference (actual) may be acquired as a time difference between the time when the first signal is received by the UE through the Rx antenna and the time when the second signal is transmitted by the UE through the Tx antenna.

UE Rx-Tx time difference (actual)=(Time when the first signal is received by the UE through the Rx antenna)−(Time when the second signal is transmitted by the UE through the Tx antenna)

Thus, for example, the UE Rx-Tx time difference (measured) may be obtained by adding e_(TX) ^(UE) and e_(RX) ^(UE) to the UE Rx-Tx time difference (actual). For example, e_(TX) ^(UE) may be understood as a UE Tx group delay, and e_(RX) ^(UE) may be understood as a UE Rx group delay. The sum of e_(TX) ^(UE) and e_(RX) ^(UE) may be understood as the total group delay on the UE side.

For example, the gNB Rx-Tx time difference (actual) may be acquired as a time difference between the time when the second signal is received by the TRP through the Rx antenna and the time when the first signal is transmitted by the TRP through the Tx antenna.

gNB Rx-Tx time difference (measured)=(Time when the second signal is received by the TRP through the Rx antenna)−(Time when the first signal is transmitted by the TRP through the Tx antenna)

Thus, for example, the gNB Rx-Tx time difference (measured) may be obtained by adding e_(TX) ^(TRP) and e_(RX) ^(TRP) to the gNB Rx-Tx time difference (actual). For example, e_(TX) ^(TRP) may be understood as a TRP Tx group delay, and e_(RX) ^(TRP) may be understood as a TRP Rx group delay. The sum of e_(TX) ^(TRP) and e_(RX) ^(TRP) may be understood as the total group delay on the TRP side.

For example, T_(propagation), the (actual) propagation time between the UE and the TRP, may be ½ of the sum of the UE Rx-Tx time difference (actual) and the gNB Rx-Tx time difference (actual).

2*T _(propagation)=(UE Rx-Tx time difference (actual))+(gNB Rx-Tx time difference (actual))

For example, the following relationship may be established between RTT (measured) and the (actual) propagation time T_(propagation).

RTT (measured)=2*+(total group delay on the UE side)+(total group delay on the TRP side)=2*T _(propagation)+(e _(TX) ^(UE) +e _(RX) ^(UE))+(e _(TX) ^(TRP) +e _(RX) ^(TRP))

As described above, the measured RTT may include an error as all Tx/Rx timings are acquired in the BB. For example, since the RTT is affected by the group delay/error on both the UE side and the TRP side, a method for eliminating the group delay/error may be required for more accurate positioning.

According to various embodiments, a method by which the group delay/error may be eliminated may be provided.

For example, at least 4 TRPs may be needed to eliminate the group delay/error. For example, RTTs between the UE and TRP #1/#2/#3/#4 may be expressed as Equation 7, respectively.

RTT ¹=2×T _(p) ^(TRP1)+(e _(TX) ^(TRP1) +e _(RX) ^(TRP1))+(e _(TX) ^(UE) +e _(RX) ^(UE))

RTT ²=2×T _(p) ^(TRP2)+(e _(TX) ^(TRP2) +e _(RX) ^(TRP2))+(e _(TX) ^(UE) +e _(RX) ^(UE))

RTT ³=2×T _(p) ^(TRP3)+(e _(TX) ^(TRP3) +e _(RX) ^(TRP3))+(e _(TX) ^(UE) +e _(RX) ^(UE))

RTT ⁴=2×T _(p) ^(TRP4)+(e _(TX) ^(TRP4) +e _(RX) ^(TRP4))+(e _(TX) ^(UE) +e _(RX) ^(UE))  [Equation 7]

For example, RTT^(n) may be the RTT between the UE and TRP #n.

For example, T_(p) ^(TRP1) may be the DL/UL propagation time between the UE and TRP #1.

For example, e_(TX) ^(TRPn) may be the Tx timing error of TRP #n. For example, e_(TX) ^(TRP1) may be the Tx timing error of TRP #1. Similarly, the Tx timing errors of the other TRPs may be denoted with the indexes of TRP #2/#3/#4.

For example, e_(RX) ^(TRPn) may be the Rx timing error of TRP #n. For example, e_(RX) ^(TRP1) may be the Rx timing error of TRP #1, Similarly, the Rx timing errors of the other TRPs may be denoted with the indexes of TRP #2/#3/#4.

For example, e_(TX) ^(UE) may be the Tx timing error of the UE.

For example, e_(RX) ^(UE) may be the Rx timing error of the UE.

According to various embodiments, the difference between the two RTT measurements may remove the influence of the UE Tx/Rx timing error (e_(TX) ^(UE)+e_(RX) ^(UE)), which may be expressed as Equation 8.

RTT ¹ −RTT ²=2×T _(p) ^(TRP1)−2×T _(p) ^(TRP2)+(e _(TX) ^(TRP1) +e _(RX) ^(TRP1))−(e _(TX) ^(TRP2) +e _(RX) ^(TRP2))

RTT ³ −RTT ²=2×T _(p) ^(TRP3)−2×T _(p) ^(TRP2)+(e _(TX) ^(TRP3) +e _(RX) ^(TRP3))−(e _(TX) ^(TRP2) +e _(RX) ^(TRP2))

RTT ⁴ −RTT ²=2×T _(p) ^(TRP4)−2×T _(p) ^(TRP2)+(e _(TX) ^(TRP4) +e _(RX) ^(TRP4))−(e _(TX) ^(TRP2) +e _(RX) ^(TRP2))  [Equation 8]

For example, sequential calibration and/or iterative methods for each RTT may be considered.

For example, although the influence of the UE Tx/Rx timing error may be eliminated as described above, the influence of the Tx/Rx timing error of each TRP (e_(TX) ^(TRP1)+e_(RX) ^(TRP1)) may still be included in the measurement. For example, it may be most effective to directly acquire the Tx timing error and the Rx timing error, respectively, which may be implemented when the propagation time is accurately measured (the measurement accuracy of the propagation time is very high above a specific level).

According to various embodiments, a reference device may be introduced, and a difference of the TRP Tx/Rx timing errors may be measured using the reference device. For the definition of the reference device according to various embodiments, reference may be made to the above description.

For example, the measurement for each of RTT¹, RTT², RTT³, and RTT⁴ may need to be accurate (with accuracy higher than a specific level).

According to various embodiments, to eliminate the UE Tx/Rx timing error and the TRP Tx/Rx timing error, a target UE/reference device (e.g., reference UE) may operate as follows:

For example, the UE (target UE/reference device) may perform measurements on TRP #1 and TRP #2 using the same Rx/Tx TEG.

For example, TRP #1 and TRP #2 may perform Rx-Tx time difference measurement for the UE (target UE/reference device) using the same Rx/Tx TEG.

For example, when Rx/Tx TEG is used to acquire Rx-Tx time difference measurements, all Rx-Tx time difference measurements may be acquired using the same time window (measurement filtering time window (e.g., measurement filtering average window)).

For example, a specific time window (measurement filtering time window (e.g., measurement filtering average window)) may be configured in connection with the Tx TEG and Rx TEG of the TRP and UE (target UE/reference device). Additionally/alternatively, for example, N PRS occasions/SRS occasions may be indicated. For example, each UE measurement instance may be configured with N (>=1 or >1) instances of a DL PRS resource set. For example, each TRP measurement instance may be configured with M (>=1 or >1) SRS measurement time occasions.

For example, the location server/LMF may indicate/configure a specific single time window (measurement filtering time window (e.g., measurement filtering average window)) for the UE Tx/Rx TEG and/or the Tx/Rx TEGs of TRP #1/#2.

According to various embodiments, when a reference device is introduced, one TRP may be required.

As described above, for example, the following relationship may be established between the RTT (measured) and the (actual) propagation time.

RTT (measured)=2*T _(propagation)+(Total group delay on the UE side)+(Total group delay on the TRP side)=2*T _(propagation)+(e _(TX) ^(UE) +e _(RX) ^(UE))+(e _(TX) ^(TRP) +e _(RX) ^(TRP))

According to various embodiments, when a reference device is introduced, the above relationship may be expressed as Equation 9 below.

RTT=2*T+e _(UE) +e _(TRP)  [Equation 9]

For example, RTT may denote the RTT between the reference device and the TRP, and may be based on a Rx-Tx time difference measurement acquired from the reference device and the TRP.

For example, T may denote an ideal propagation time between the reference device and the TRP, and may be a known value.

For example, e_(UE) is the total Rx/Tx timing delay of the reference device. It may be a known value and/or be considered 0 when the UE autonomously performs calibration/compensation.

For example, e_(TRP) is the total Rx/Tx timing delay of the TRP, and may be acquired from Equation 13.

According to various embodiments, RTT¹ and RTT² may be acquired as in Equation 10.

RTT ¹ =E[(UERX−Tx)₁ ]T _(1,UE) +E[(gNBRX−Tx)₁ ]T _(1,gNB)

RTT ² =E[(UERX−Tx)₂ ]T _(2,UE) +E[(gNBRX−Tx)₂ ]T _(2,gNB)  [Equation 10]

For example, RTT^(n) may be the RTT between the UE and TRP #n.

For example, E(x) may be an average function, and may be replaced by a filter function F(x). For example, E(x)_(T1,UE) may be an average acquired from the UE based on TRP #1 (T1), and E(x)_(T2,UE) may be an average acquired from the UE based on TRP #2 (T2). E(x)_(T1,gNB) may be an average acquired from TRP #1 (T1), and E(x)_(T1,gNB) may be an average acquired from TRP #2 (T2). For example, in acquiring each average, the same and/or different time windows (window sizes) may be used by the UE and the TRPs. For example, in acquiring each average, the same and/or different time windows (window sizes) may be used by TRP #1 and TRP #2.

For example, (UE RX−Tx)_(n) may be the UE Rx-Tx time difference measurement acquired from between the UE and TRP #n.

For example, (gNB RX−Tx)_(n) may be the gNB Rx-Tx time difference measurement acquired from between the UE and TRP #n.

FIG. 19 is a diagram schematically illustrating a method of operating a UE and a network node according to various embodiments.

FIG. 20 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating a UE according to various embodiments.

FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating a network node according to various embodiments. For example, the network node may be a TP, a BS, a cell, a location server, an LMF, and/or any device performing the same operation.

Referring to FIGS. 19 to 21 , in operations 1901, 2001, and 2101] according to various embodiments, a network node may transmit one or more PRSs, and a UE may receive multiple PRSs including the one or more PRSs.

In operations 1903, 2003, and 2103 according to various embodiments, the network node may transmit configuration information related to positioning, and the UE may receive the same.

In operations 1905 and 2005 according to various embodiments, the UE may obtain a measurement related to a location.

In operations 1907, 2007, 2107 according to various embodiments, the UE may transmit a measurement and the network node may receive the same.

According to various embodiments, based on the configuration information including information for configuring a measurement based on multiple references for positioning: the measurement may be obtained based on: (i) one or more of multiple PRSs and (ii) multiple references.

According to various embodiments, a first plurality of references may be related to multiple reception antenna elements configured for the UE.

Specific operations of the UE and/or the network node according to the above-described various embodiments may be described and performed based on Section 1 to Section 3 described before.

Since examples of the above-described proposal method may also be included in one of implementation methods of the various embodiments, it is apparent that the examples can be construed as a sort of proposed methods. Although the above-proposed methods may be independently implemented, the proposed methods may be implemented in a combined (aggregated) form of a part of the proposed methods. A rule may be defined such that the BS informs the UE of information as to whether the proposed methods are applied (or information about rules of the proposed methods) through a predefined signal (e.g., a physical layer signal or a higher-layer signal).

4. Exemplary Configurations of Devices Implementing Various Embodiments

4.1. Exemplary Configurations of Devices to which Various Embodiments are Applied

FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating a device that implements various embodiments.

The device illustrated in FIG. 22 may be a UE and/or a BS (e.g., eNB or gNB or TP) and/or a location server (or LMF) which is adapted to perform the above-described mechanism, or any device performing the same operation.

Referring to FIG. 22 , the device may include a digital signal processor (DSP)/microprocessor 210 and a radio frequency (RF) module (transceiver) 235. The DSP/microprocessor 210 is electrically coupled to the transceiver 235 and controls the transceiver 235. The device may further include a power management module 205, a battery 255, a display 215, a keypad 220, a SIM card 225, a memory device 230, an antenna 240, a speaker 245, and an input device 250, depending on a designer's selection.

Particularly, FIG. 22 may illustrate a UE including a receiver 235 configured to receive a request message from a network and a transmitter 235 configured to transmit timing transmission/reception timing information to the network. These receiver and transmitter may form the transceiver 235. The UE may further include a processor 210 coupled to the transceiver 235.

Further, FIG. 22 may illustrate a network device including a transmitter 235 configured to transmit a request message to a UE and a receiver 235 configured to receive timing transmission/reception timing information from the UE. These transmitter and receiver may form the transceiver 235. The network may further include the processor 210 coupled to the transceiver 235. The processor 210 may calculate latency based on the transmission/reception timing information.

A processor of a UE (or a communication device included in the UE) and/or a BS (or a communication device included in the BS) and/or a location server (or a communication device included in the location server) may operate by controlling a memory, as follows.

According to various embodiments, the UE or the BS or the location server may include at least one transceiver, at least one memory, and at least one processor coupled to the at least one transceiver and the at least one memory. The at least one memory may store instructions which cause the at least one processor to perform the following operations.

The communication device included in the UE or the BS or the location server may be configured to include the at least one processor and the at least one memory. The communication device may be configured to include the at least one transceiver or to be coupled to the at least one transceiver without including the at least one transceiver.

The TP and/or the BS and/or the cell and/or the location server and/or the LMF and/or any device performing the same operation may be referred to as a network node.

According to various embodiments, one or more processors included in the UE (or one or more processors of a communication device included in the UE) may receive a plurality of positioning reference signals (PRS).

According to various embodiments, the one or more processors included in the UE may receive configuration information related to positioning.

According to various embodiments, the one or more processors included in the UE may obtain a measurement related to the positioning.

According to various embodiments, the one or more processors included in the UE may transmit information related to the measurement.

According to various embodiments, based on the configuration information including information for configuring the measurement based on a plurality of references for the positioning, the measurement may be obtained based on (i) one or more of the plurality of PRSs and (ii) a first plurality of references.

According to various embodiments, the first plurality of references may be related to a plurality of reception antenna elements configured for the UE.

According to various embodiments, the first plurality of references may include: one or more of: (i) a plurality of reference transmission and reception points (TRPs) obtained among a plurality of TRPs related to the plurality of PRSs; (ii) a plurality of reference PRS resources obtained among a plurality of PRS resources related to the plurality of PRSs; or (iii) a plurality of reference PRS resource sets obtained among a plurality of PRS resource sets related to the plurality of PRSs.

According to various embodiments, the measurement may include a plurality of measurements corresponding to the plurality of reception antenna elements.

According to various embodiments, the information related to the measurement may include information about an identifier of each of the plurality of reception antenna elements corresponding to the plurality of measurements.

According to various embodiments, the measurement may include one or more of: (i) a measurement based on the same one antenna element among the plurality of reception antenna elements; or (ii) a measurement based on two or more different reception antenna elements among the plurality of reception antenna elements.

According to various embodiments, a priority of the measurement based on the same one reception antenna element may be higher than a priority of the measurement based on the two or more different reception antenna elements.

According to various embodiments, transmitting capability information related to the positioning may be further included.

According to various embodiments, the capability information may include information related to the plurality of receiving antenna elements.

According to various embodiments, the configuration information may include information related to a second plurality of references based on the information related to the plurality of reception antenna elements.

According to various embodiments, based on at least one portion of the first plurality of references being different from at least one portion of the second plurality of references identified from the configuration information, the information related to the measurement may include information about the at least one portion of the first plurality of references.

According to various embodiments, each of the plurality of references may correspond to each of the plurality of reception antenna elements.

According to various embodiments, one or more processors included in a network node (or one or more processors of a communication device included in the network node) may transmit one or more positioning reference signals (PRS).

According to various embodiments, the one or more processors included in the network node may transmit configuration information related to positioning.

According to various embodiments, the one or more processors included in the network node may receive, from a UE, information about a measurement related to the positioning.

According to various embodiments, based on the configuration information including information for configuring the measurement based on a plurality of references for the positioning, the measurement may be based on (i) one or more of a plurality of PRSs including the one or more PRSs and (ii) a first plurality of references.

According to various embodiments, the first plurality of references may be related to a plurality of receive antenna elements configured for the UE.

Specific operations of the UE and/or the network node according to the above-described various embodiments may be described and performed based on Section 1 to Section 3 described before.

Unless contradicting each other, various embodiments may be implemented in combination. For example, (the processor included in) the UE and/or the network node according to various embodiments may perform operations in combination of the embodiments of the afore-described in Section 1 to Section 3, unless contradicting each other.

4.2. Example of Communication System to which Various Embodiments of the Present Disclosure are Applied

Various embodiments of the present disclosure have been mainly described in relation to data transmission and reception between a BS and a UE in a wireless communication system. However, various embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, various embodiments of the present disclosure may also relate to the following technical configurations.

The various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts of the various embodiments of the present disclosure described in this document may be applied to, without being limited to, a variety of fields requiring wireless communication/connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

Hereinafter, a description will be given in more detail with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings/description, the same reference symbols may denote the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks unless described otherwise.

FIG. 23 illustrates an exemplary communication system to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied.

Referring to FIG. 23 , a communication system 1 applied to the various embodiments of the present disclosure includes wireless devices, Base Stations (BSs), and a network. Herein, the wireless devices represent devices performing communication using Radio Access Technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G New RAT (NR)) or Long-Term Evolution (LTE)) and may be referred to as communication/radio/5G devices. The wireless devices may include, without being limited to, a robot 100 a, vehicles 100 b-1 and 100 b-2, an eXtended Reality (XR) device 100 c, a hand-held device 100 d, a home appliance 100 e, an Internet of Things (IoT) device 100 f, and an Artificial Intelligence (AI) device/server 400. For example, the vehicles may include a vehicle having a wireless communication function, an autonomous driving vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing communication between vehicles. Herein, the vehicles may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR)/Virtual Reality (VR)/Mixed Reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) mounted in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance device, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The hand-held device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or a smartglasses), and a computer (e.g., a notebook). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, and a washing machine. The IoT device may include a sensor and a smartmeter. For example, the BSs and the network may be implemented as wireless devices and a specific wireless device 200 a may operate as a BS/network node with respect to other wireless devices.

The wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may be connected to the network 300 via the BSs 200. An AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f and the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may be connected to the AI server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. Although the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may communicate with each other through the BSs 200/network 300, the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may perform direct communication (e.g., sidelink communication) with each other without passing through the BSs/network. For example, the vehicles 100 b-1 and 100 b-2 may perform direct communication (e.g., Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V)/Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). The IoT device (e.g., a sensor) may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100 a to 100 f.

Wireless communication/connections 150 a, 150 b, or 150 c may be established between the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f/BS 200, or BS 200/BS 200. Herein, the wireless communication/connections may be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink/downlink communication 150 a, sidelink communication 150 b (or, D2D communication), or inter BS communication (e.g., relay, Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB)). The wireless devices and the BSs/the wireless devices may transmit/receive radio signals to/from each other through the wireless communication/connections 150 a and 150 b. For example, the wireless communication/connections 150 a and 150 b may transmit/receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least a part of various configuration information configuring processes, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, and resource mapping/demapping), and resource allocating processes, for transmitting/receiving radio signals, may be performed based on the various proposals of the various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Example of Wireless Devices to which Various Embodiments of the Present Disclosure are Applied

FIG. 24 illustrates exemplary wireless devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable.

Referring to FIG. 24 , a first wireless device 100 and a second wireless device 200 may transmit radio signals through a variety of RATs (e.g., LTE and NR). Herein, {the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200} may correspond to {the wireless device 100 x and the BS 200} and/or {the wireless device 100 x and the wireless device 100 x} of FIG. 23 .

The first wireless device 100 may include one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104 and additionally further include one or more transceivers 106 and/or one or more antennas 108. The processor(s) 102 may control the memory(s) 104 and/or the transceiver(s) 106 and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor(s) 102 may process information within the memory(s) 104 to generate first information/signals and then transmit radio signals including the first information/signals through the transceiver(s) 106. The processor(s) 102 may receive radio signals including second information/signals through the transceiver 106 and then store information obtained by processing the second information/signals in the memory(s) 104. The memory(s) 104 may be connected to the processor(s) 102 and may store a variety of information related to operations of the processor(s) 102. For example, the memory(s) 104 may store software code including commands for performing a part or the entirety of processes controlled by the processor(s) 102 or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. Herein, the processor(s) 102 and the memory(s) 104 may be a part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver(s) 106 may be connected to the processor(s) 102 and transmit and/or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 108. Each of the transceiver(s) 106 may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver(s) 106 may be interchangeably used with Radio Frequency (RF) unit(s). In the various embodiments of the present disclosure, the wireless device may represent a communication modem/circuit/chip.

The second wireless device 200 may include one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204 and additionally further include one or more transceivers 206 and/or one or more antennas 208. The processor(s) 202 may control the memory(s) 204 and/or the transceiver(s) 206 and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor(s) 202 may process information within the memory(s) 204 to generate third information/signals and then transmit radio signals including the third information/signals through the transceiver(s) 206. The processor(s) 202 may receive radio signals including fourth information/signals through the transceiver(s) 106 and then store information obtained by processing the fourth information/signals in the memory(s) 204. The memory(s) 204 may be connected to the processor(s) 202 and may store a variety of information related to operations of the processor(s) 202. For example, the memory(s) 204 may store software code including commands for performing a part or the entirety of processes controlled by the processor(s) 202 or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. Herein, the processor(s) 202 and the memory(s) 204 may be a part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver(s) 206 may be connected to the processor(s) 202 and transmit and/or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 208. Each of the transceiver(s) 206 may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver(s) 206 may be interchangeably used with RF unit(s). In the various embodiments of the present disclosure, the wireless device may represent a communication modem/circuit/chip.

Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described more specifically. One or more protocol layers may be implemented by, without being limited to, one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP). The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and/or one or more Service Data Unit (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document and provide the generated signals to the one or more transceivers 106 and 206. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may receive the signals (e.g., baseband signals) from the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and acquire the PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.

The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in the one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software and the firmware or software may be configured to include the modules, procedures, or functions. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be included in the one or more processors 102 and 202 or stored in the one or more memories 104 and 204 so as to be driven by the one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, commands, and/or a set of commands.

The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and/or commands. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be configured by Read-Only Memories (ROMs), Random Access Memories (RAMs), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memories (EPROMs), flash memories, hard drives, registers, cash memories, computer-readable storage media, and/or combinations thereof. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be located at the interior and/or exterior of the one or more processors 102 and 202. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 through various technologies such as wired or wireless connection.

The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the methods and/or operational flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document, from one or more other devices. For example, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmit and receive radio signals. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to the one or more antennas 108 and 208 and the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document, through the one or more antennas 108 and 208. In this document, the one or more antennas may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received radio signals/channels etc. from RF band signals into baseband signals in order to process received user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. using the one or more processors 102 and 202. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert the user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. processed using the one or more processors 102 and 202 from the base band signals into the RF band signals. To this end, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and/or filters.

According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, one or more memories (e.g., 104 or 204) may store instructions or programs which, when executed, cause one or more processors operably coupled to the one or more memories to perform operations according to various embodiments or implementations of the present disclosure.

According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium may store one or more instructions or computer programs which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations according to various embodiments or implementations of the present disclosure.

According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a processing device or apparatus may include one or more processors and one or more computer memories connected to the one or more processors. The one or more computer memories may store instructions or programs which, when executed, cause the one or more processors operably coupled to the one or more memories to perform operations according to various embodiments or implementations of the present disclosure.

Example of Using Wireless Devices to which Various Embodiments of the Present Disclosure are Applied

FIG. 25 illustrates other exemplary wireless devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied. The wireless devices may be implemented in various forms according to a use case/service (see FIG. 23 ).

Referring to FIG. 25 , wireless devices 100 and 200 may correspond to the wireless devices 100 and 200 of FIG. 24 and may be configured by various elements, components, units/portions, and/or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices 100 and 200 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, and additional components 140. The communication unit may include a communication circuit 112 and transceiver(s) 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 may include the one or more processors 102 and 202 and/or the one or more memories 104 and 204 of FIG. 24 . For example, the transceiver(s) 114 may include the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and/or the one or more antennas 108 and 208 of FIG. 24 . The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory 130, and the additional components 140 and controls overall operation of the wireless devices. For example, the control unit 120 may control an electric/mechanical operation of the wireless device based on programs/code/commands/information stored in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 may transmit the information stored in the memory unit 130 to the exterior (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless/wired interface or store, in the memory unit 130, information received through the wireless/wired interface from the exterior (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit 110.

The additional components 140 may be variously configured according to types of wireless devices. For example, the additional components 140 may include at least one of a power unit/battery, input/output (I/O) unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit. The wireless device may be implemented in the form of, without being limited to, the robot (100 a of FIG. 23 ), the vehicles (100 b-1 and 100 b-2 of FIG. 23 ), the XR device (100 c of FIG. 23 ), the hand-held device (100 d of FIG. 23 ), the home appliance (100 e of FIG. 23 ), the IoT device (100 f of FIG. 23 ), a digital broadcast terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medicine device, a Fintech device (or a finance device), a security device, a climate/environment device, the AI server/device (400 of FIG. 23 ), the BSs (200 of FIG. 23 ), a network node, etc. The wireless device may be used in a mobile or fixed place according to a use-example/service.

In FIG. 25 , the entirety of the various elements, components, units/portions, and/or modules in the wireless devices 100 and 200 may be connected to each other through a wired interface or at least a part thereof may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. For example, in each of the wireless devices 100 and 200, the control unit 120 and the communication unit 110 may be connected by wire and the control unit 120 and first units (e.g., 130 and 140) may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. Each element, component, unit/portion, and/or module within the wireless devices 100 and 200 may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120 may be configured by a set of one or more processors. As an example, the control unit 120 may be configured by a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a graphical processing unit, and a memory control processor. As another example, the memory 130 may be configured by a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Dynamic RAM (DRAM), a Read Only Memory (ROM)), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and/or a combination thereof.

Hereinafter, an example of implementing FIG. 25 will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

Example of Portable Device to which Various Embodiments of the Present Disclosure are Applied

FIG. 26 illustrates an exemplary portable device to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied. The portable device may be any of a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or smart glasses), and a portable computer (e.g., a laptop). A portable device may also be referred to as mobile station (MS), user terminal (UT), mobile subscriber station (MSS), subscriber station (SS), advanced mobile station (AMS), or wireless terminal (WT).

Referring to FIG. 26 , a hand-held device 100 may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, a power supply unit 140 a, an interface unit 140 b, and an I/O unit 140 c. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as a part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 to 130/140 a to 140 c correspond to the blocks 110 to 130/140 of FIG. 25 , respectively.

The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive signals (e.g., data and control signals) to and from other wireless devices or BSs. The control unit 120 may perform various operations by controlling constituent elements of the hand-held device 100. The control unit 120 may include an Application Processor (AP). The memory unit 130 may store data/parameters/programs/code/commands needed to drive the hand-held device 100. The memory unit 130 may store input/output data/information. The power supply unit 140 a may supply power to the hand-held device 100 and include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit 140 b may support connection of the hand-held device 100 to other external devices. The interface unit 140 b may include various ports (e.g., an audio I/O port and a video I/O port) for connection with external devices. The I/O unit 140 c may input or output video information/signals, audio information/signals, data, and/or information input by a user. The I/O unit 140 c may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit 140 d, a speaker, and/or a haptic module.

As an example, in the case of data communication, the I/O unit 140 c may acquire information/signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, images, or video) input by a user and the acquired information/signals may be stored in the memory unit 130. The communication unit 110 may convert the information/signals stored in the memory into radio signals and transmit the converted radio signals to other wireless devices directly or to a BS. The communication unit 110 may receive radio signals from other wireless devices or the BS and then restore the received radio signals into original information/signals. The restored information/signals may be stored in the memory unit 130 and may be output as various types (e.g., text, voice, images, video, or haptic) through the I/O unit 140 c.

Example of vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle to which various embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 27 illustrates an exemplary vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle to which various embodiments of the present disclosure. The vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned/unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, or the like.

Referring to FIG. 27 , a vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle 100 may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a driving unit 140 a, a power supply unit 140 b, a sensor unit 140 c, and an autonomous driving unit 140 d. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as a part of the communication unit 110. The blocks 110/130/140 a to 140 d correspond to the blocks 110/130/140 of FIG. 25 , respectively.

The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive signals (e.g., data and control signals) to and from external devices such as other vehicles, BSs (e.g., gNBs and road side units), and servers. The control unit 120 may perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100. The control unit 120 may include an Electronic Control Unit (ECU). The driving unit 140 a may cause the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100 to drive on a road. The driving unit 140 a may include an engine, a motor, a powertrain, a wheel, a brake, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit 140 b may supply power to the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100 and include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit 140 c may acquire a vehicle state, ambient environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140 c may include an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, a slope sensor, a weight sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward/backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illumination sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140 d may implement technology for maintaining a lane on which a vehicle is driving, technology for automatically adjusting speed, such as adaptive cruise control, technology for autonomously driving along a determined path, technology for driving by automatically setting a path if a destination is set, and the like.

For example, the communication unit 110 may receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit 140 d may generate an autonomous driving path and a driving plan from the obtained data. The control unit 120 may control the driving unit 140 a such that the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100 may move along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (e.g., speed/direction control). In the middle of autonomous driving, the communication unit 110 may aperiodically/periodically acquire recent traffic information data from the external server and acquire surrounding traffic information data from neighboring vehicles. In the middle of autonomous driving, the sensor unit 140 c may obtain a vehicle state and/or surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit 140 d may update the autonomous driving path and the driving plan based on the newly obtained data/information. The communication unit 110 may transfer information about a vehicle position, the autonomous driving path, and/or the driving plan to the external server. The external server may predict traffic information data using AI technology, etc., based on the information collected from vehicles or autonomous driving vehicles and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicles or the autonomous driving vehicles.

In summary, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented through a certain device and/or UE.

For example, the certain device may be any of a BS, a network node, a transmitting UE, a receiving UE, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a vehicle, a vehicle equipped with an autonomous driving function, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), an artificial intelligence (AI) module, a robot, an augmented reality (AR) device, a virtual reality (VR) device, and other devices.

For example, a UE may be any of a personal digital assistant (PDA), a cellular phone, a personal communication service (PCS) phone, a global system for mobile (GSM) phone, a wideband CDMA (WCDMA) phone, a mobile broadband system (MBS) phone, a smartphone, and a multi-mode multi-band (MM-MB) terminal.

A smartphone refers to a terminal taking the advantages of both a mobile communication terminal and a PDA, which is achieved by integrating a data communication function being the function of a PDA, such as scheduling, fax transmission and reception, and Internet connection in a mobile communication terminal. Further, an MM-MB terminal refers to a terminal which has a built-in multi-modem chip and thus is operable in all of a portable Internet system and other mobile communication system (e.g., CDMA 2000, WCDMA, and so on).

Alternatively, the UE may be any of a laptop PC, a hand-held PC, a tablet PC, an ultrabook, a slate PC, a digital broadcasting terminal, a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigator, and a wearable device such as a smartwatch, smart glasses, and a head mounted display (HMD). For example, a UAV may be an unmanned aerial vehicle that flies under the control of a wireless control signal. For example, an HMD may be a display device worn around the head. For example, the HMD may be used to implement AR or VR.

The wireless communication technology in which various embodiments are implemented may include LTE, NR, and 6G, as well as narrowband Internet of things (NB-IoT) for low power communication. For example, the NB-IoT technology may be an example of low power wide area network (LPWAN) technology and implemented as the standards of LTE category (CAT) NB1 and/or LTE Cat NB2. However, these specific appellations should not be construed as limiting NB-IoT. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in a wireless device according to various embodiments may enable communication based on LTE-M. For example, LTE-M may be an example of the LPWAN technology, called various names such as enhanced machine type communication (eMTC). For example, the LTE-M technology may be implemented as, but not limited to, at least one of 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE machine type communication, and/or 7) LTE M. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in a wireless device according to various embodiments may include, but not limited to, at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, or LPWAN in consideration of low power communication. For example, ZigBee may create personal area networks (PANs) related to small/low-power digital communication in conformance to various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to as various names.

Various embodiments may be implemented in various means. For example, various embodiments may be implemented in hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof.

In a hardware configuration, the methods according to exemplary embodiments may be achieved by one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, etc.

In a firmware or software configuration, the methods according to the various embodiments may be implemented in the form of a module, a procedure, a function, etc. performing the above-described functions or operations. A software code may be stored in the memory 50 or 150 and executed by the processor 40 or 140. The memory is located at the interior or exterior of the processor and may transmit and receive data to and from the processor via various known means.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various embodiments may be carried out in other specific ways than those set forth herein without departing from the spirit and essential characteristics of the various embodiments. The above embodiments are therefore to be construed in all aspects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the disclosure should be determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, not by the above description, and all changes coming within the meaning and equivalency range of the appended claims are intended to be embraced therein. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that claims that are not explicitly cited in each other in the appended claims may be presented in combination as an embodiment or included as a new claim by a subsequent amendment after the application is filed.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The various embodiments are applicable to various wireless access systems including a 3GPP system, and/or a 3GPP2 system. Besides these wireless access systems, the various embodiments are applicable to all technical fields in which the wireless access systems find their applications. Moreover, the proposed method can also be applied to mmWave communication using an ultra-high frequency band. 

1. A method performed by a terminal in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: receiving a plurality of positioning reference signals (PRS); receiving configuration information related to positioning; obtaining a measurement related to the positioning; and transmitting information related to the measurement, wherein, based on the configuration information including information for configuring the measurement based on a plurality of references for the positioning, the measurement is obtained based on (i) one or more of the plurality of PRSs and (ii) a first plurality of references, wherein the first plurality of references is related to a plurality of reception antenna elements configured for the terminal.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of references comprises one or more of: a plurality of reference transmission and reception points (TRPs) obtained among a plurality of TRPs related to the plurality of PRSs; a plurality of reference PRS resources obtained among a plurality of PRS resources related to the plurality of PRSs; or a plurality of reference PRS resource sets obtained among a plurality of PRS resource sets related to the plurality of PRSs.
 3. The method of claim 1, the measurement comprises a plurality of measurements corresponding to the plurality of reception antenna elements, wherein the information related to the measurement comprises: information about an identifier of each of the plurality of reception antenna elements corresponding to the plurality of measurements.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the measurement comprises one or more of: a measurement based on the same one antenna element among the plurality of reception antenna elements; or a measurement based on two or more different reception antenna elements among the plurality of reception antenna elements, wherein a priority of the measurement based on the same one reception antenna element is higher than a priority of the measurement based on the two or more different reception antenna elements.
 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: transmitting capability information related to the positioning, wherein the capability information comprises information related to the plurality of reception antenna elements, wherein the configuration information comprises information related to a second plurality of references based on the information related to the plurality of reception antenna elements.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein, based on at least one portion of the first plurality of references being different from at least one portion of the second plurality of references identified from the configuration information, the information related to the measurement comprises: information about the at least one portion of the first plurality of references.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of references corresponds to each of the plurality of reception antenna elements.
 8. A terminal operating in a wireless communication system, the terminal comprising: a transceiver; and one or more processors coupled to the transceiver, wherein the one or more processors are configured to: receive a plurality of positioning reference signals (PRS); receive configuration information related to the positioning; obtain a measurement related to the positioning; and transmit information related to the measurement, wherein, based on the configuration information including information for configuring the measurement based on a plurality of references for the positioning, the measurement is obtained based on (i) one or more of the plurality of PRSs and (ii) a first plurality of references; wherein the first plurality of references is related to a plurality of reception antenna elements configured for the terminal.
 9. The terminal of claim 8, wherein the first plurality of references comprises one or more of: a plurality of reference transmission and reception points (TRPs) obtained among a plurality of TRPs related to the plurality of PRSs; a plurality of reference PRS resources obtained among a plurality of PRS resources related to the plurality of PRSs; or a plurality of reference PRS resource sets obtained among a plurality of PRS resource sets related to the plurality of PRSs.
 10. The terminal of claim 8, the measurement comprises a plurality of measurements corresponding to the plurality of reception antenna elements, wherein the information related to the measurement comprises: information about an identifier of each of the plurality of reception antenna elements corresponding to the plurality of measurements.
 11. The terminal of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are configured to: communicate with one or more of a mobile terminal, a network, and an autonomous vehicle other than a vehicle containing the terminal.
 12. A method carried out by a base station in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: transmitting one or more positioning reference signals (PRS); transmitting configuration information related to positioning; and receiving, from a terminal, information about a measurement related to the positioning, wherein, based on the configuration information including information for configuring the measurement based on a plurality of references for the positioning, the measurement is based on (i) one or more of a plurality of PRSs including the one or more PRSs and (ii) a first plurality of references, wherein the first plurality of references is related to a plurality of reception antenna elements configured for the terminal.
 13. A base station operating in a wireless communication system, the base station comprising: a transceiver; and one or more processors coupled to the transceiver, wherein the one or more processors are configured to: transmit one or more positioning reference signals (PRS); transmit configuration information related to positioning; and receive, from a terminal, information about a measurement related to the positioning, wherein, based on the configuration information including information for configuring the measurement based on a plurality of references for the positioning, the measurement is based on (i) one or more of a plurality of PRSs including the one or more PRSs and (ii) a first plurality of references, wherein the first plurality of references is related to a plurality of reception antenna elements configured for the terminal.
 14. (canceled)
 15. (canceled) 